A CHECKLIST OF VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE GARMIAN REGION IN KURDISTAN, IRAQ

 

Ahmed Habeeb Hameed¹^{,* *} and Saman A. Ahmad²

 

¹ Biology department, College of Education, University of Garmian.

² College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Iraq.

 

Corresponding author email: ahmed.habeeb@garmian.edu.krd

 

ABSTRACT:

The current study is based on the fieldwork and study of the vascular plants of the Garmian region (Sulaimani district, Kurdistan, Iraq) from late April 2021 through September 2024, during which period 5,500 plant specimens was collected in 145 different waypoints. A total of 79 families (five each in ferns and gymnosperms, 15 in monocots, and 59 in dicots), 336 genera (two species in Pteridaceae and one species in each of Equisetaceae, Adiantaceae, and Aspleniaceae and one in gymnosperms families, 79 in monocots, and 250 in dicots), and 712 species (six of ferns and gymnosperms, 138 of monocots, and 568 of dicots) were identified. The five greatest families in this study are Asteraceae (47 genera, 107 species), Poaceae (39 genera, 83 species), Fabaceae (24 genera, 81 species), Brassicaceae (19 genera, 36 species), and Lamiaceae (15 genera, 34 species). These families account for 47.89% of the total vascular plant species collected in the region, and the richest genus is Astragalus L., with 15 species.

KEYWORDS: Flora, Checklist, Garmian region, Kurdistan, Southwest Asia.

1.        INTRODUCTION:

        Garmian region is part of the extensive Zagros Mountain steppe ecoregion of the Irano-Turanian Region (www.wwf.org). The Irano-Turanian Region is one of the world's great phytogeography zones of arid lands It has great importance in water and soil conservation, biodiversity, and plant richness. Assessing plant species or the botanical surveying of a vegetal community is a basic operation to correctly identify a vegetal association and to separate it from others in the field (Chifu et al., 2014). It is important to investigate the vegetation cover in a certain area, know the families, genus, and species of plants, and further information about plant density, frequency, and the area covered with plants. Also, to investigate all types of plants, such as wild plants, cultivated plants, pasture plants, and those used to control desertification phenomena. On an area basis, herbs contribute significantly to the world’s land surface, and an important share is devoted to grazing. The vegetation structure is as important as climate in shaping ecosystem functioning in the study region. (Gaitan et al., 2014).

        Taxonomic studies of this wealth help to know and identify the species and their numbers (Al-Rawi, 1964). Floristic studies have taken good steps in different regions of Kurdistan Iraq. The research has been done through numerous studies and various excursions (Zohary, 1946). Earlier studies on vascular plants across various regions of Kurdistan Iraq has been done which are including; the survey of vascular plants in Sinjar Mountain, which identified 638 plant species (Khalaf, 1980); the survey of vascular plants in Piramagrun Mountains, which identified 542 plant species (Faris, 1983); the survey of vascular plants in Haibat Sultan Mountain and surrounding areas, which yielded 325 plant species (Haedar, 2003); the survey of vascular plants in Darband Gomaspan and surrounding areas in Erbil Province (Ahmed, 2010); the survey of vascular plants in the Hawraman Region of Kurdistan/Iraq, which identified 951 plant species (Ahmad, 2013); the survey of Azmar-Goizha Mountain which determined 666 species (Ahmad and salih, 2018); the survey of Qiwan Mountain which added 670 taxa are founded;  the survey of vascular plants in the Gmo Region of Kurdistan/Iraq, which identified 738 plant species (Hama, 2020); which  the survey of vascular plants of  Qaradagh Mountain, which added 970 plant taxa (Ahmad and Salih, 2019,  and  the survey of vascular plants in Bani Harir Mountain (MRO) in the Kurdistan region/Iraq, which identified 73 families, 275 genera, and 412 plant species (Saeed, 2021).

        The main objectives of this study are maintaining the documentation of the vascular plants in the Garmian region, improving the comprehensive conservation program in order to conserve the plant diversity in the region, and providing essential data for future ecological studies in the region

2.        MATERIAL AND METHODS

Materials

        The study, conducted from 2021 to 2024, focused on vascular plants in the Garmian region of Kurdistan, Iraq. The research involved an intensive collection of plants, a literature survey, and identification using Iraqi and neighboring floras. The study focused on different topographical areas in the Garmian region, starting from the lowest and gradually ascending to the highest elevations. All specimens collected during the field study were identified, numbered, classified, and deposited in the herbaria of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani (SAUFA), and Kurdistan Botanical Foundation (KBFH).

Methods

Plant Collection:

        In this study, over 5,500 specimens were collected from 145 waypoints during 96 field excursions. To prevent redundancy and ambiguity during data collection and processing, each species gathered at a specific waypoint was assigned a distinct number from a continuous series. For each collection number, the following data were documented: coordinates (longitude and latitude), altitude, collection date, precise locality, ecological information, and names and numbers of collectors.

Plant Identification:

        The identification process depended on the available flora—journals, scientific papers, plant field guides, and dissertations pertinent to the flora of Iraq and neighboring countries. Upon completing the identification of all specimens, around 706 species were recognized, encompassing around 336 genera and approximately 79 families. An alphabetical arrangement of all scientific names from the family to the species ranks is utilized for convenient reference. Family classifications and generic assignments, according to Mabberley (2018) and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Garmian is located between 34˚25'28"N and 35˚08'12"N and 44˚51'24"E and 45˚53'51"E. The altitudes of the studied area ranged from a low of 141 meters near the Kalar district to a high of 1,802 meters at the peak of Bamo Mountain. The proposed area includes several mountains northeast of the study area, forming the border with Iran. The important part of this land consists of foothills, such as those extending from Bawanur to Darbandikhan and the foothills along the Iranian border. Garmian shares approximately 148.17 km of its border with Iran. The largest part of Garmian is characterized by a steppe plain, particularly in the central and southern regions of the study area. The Sirwan River tributaries flow through this area from north to south, covering about 117.91 km. The total area of the study region is approximately 2981.31 km² (Figure 1). This study concentrated on specific locations, including Mount Bamo near the Maidan subdistrict, both banks of the Sirwan River flowing from northeast to southeast, and the Garmian plains, especially in
the Kalar and Kifri districts

Location and Geological Setting of the Study Area

Location

        Garmian is in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, located south of the Sulaimani governorate. It is a part of the extensive Zagros Mountain steppe ecoregion (Buringh, 1960), or as described by Rahimi et al. (2024), this area is identified as part of the Kurdo-Zagrosian system. Garmian is located between 34˚25'28"N and 35˚08'12"N to 44˚51'24"E and 45˚53'51"E. The altitudes of the studied area ranged from a low of 141 meters near the Kalar district to a high of 1,802 meters at the peak of Bamo Mountain. The proposed area includes several mountains to the northeast of the study region, forming the border with Iran. An important part of this land consists of foothills extending from Bawanur to Darbandikhan and the foothills along the Iranian border. Garmian shares approximately 148.17 km of its border with Iran. The largest part of Garmian is characterized by a steppe plain, particularly in the central and southern regions of the study area. The Sirwan River tributaries flow through this area from north to south, covering about 117.91 km. The total area of the study region is approximately 2981.31 km² (Figure 1). This study concentrated on specific locations, including Mount Bamo near the Maidan subdistrict, both banks of the Sirwan River flowing from northeast to southeast.

 

Figure 1: The location of the study area.

 

Geological Setting of the Study Area

        The geology of the study area consists of the various formations and rock depositions:

1. Fatha Formation (Lower Fars): Fatha Formation is widely exposed in Iraq, and it has a widespread extension in Iraq. In the study area, particularly in the Bamo area, the Fatha formation appears. This part of the formation comprises layers of gypsum, red claystone, marl, and limestone. There are also some beds of sandstone in the upper part of the formation (Karim, 1997). Regionally, the formation is divided into two members; the lower member lacks red mudstone, and the upper member comprises a cyclic succession of red mudstone and gypsum. The thickness of the formation is about 110 meters (Jassim and Goff, 2006). The depositional environment of the Fatha formation is high to moderate energy, shallow-water environments, which were deposited during the Middle Miocene age (Al-Juboury & McCann, 2008).     

2. Injana Formation (Upper Fars): The Injana Formation is exposed in the Maidan area, northeast of the study area. This formation consists of clastic materials of sandstone, red and green mudstones, and siltstone (Sissakian, 2012). The Injana Formation dates back to the Late Miocene; geologists accept this age. The depositional environment of the formation is a coastal area and fluviolacustrine system (Jassim and Goff, 2006).

3. Mukdadia formation (Lower Bakhtiari): This formation is expanded to both sides of the Sirwan River and occupies the north part of the study area in the Maidan and Pebaz. Lithologically, it is composed predominantly of thick conglomerates interbedded with sandstone and mudstone beds. The pebbles within the pebbly sandstones are up to 6 cm in size, mostly chert, quartz, carbonates, and subordinate igneous and metamorphic rocks. The conglomerates are containing clasts derived from various sources, reflecting active. tectonic uplift and erosion (Sissakian et al., 2014). The formation's age was designed to be the late Miocene-Pliocene. The primary color of the rocks is grey. The formation was deposited in a fluvial environment in a rapid subsidence foredeep basin (Jassim et al., 1984).

 

Figure 2: Geological formation of the Garmian region.

 

4. Bai Hassan Formation (Upper Bakhtiari): The Lower and Upper Bakhtiari Formations are highly similar in lithology, while the difference is in the size of the boulders, which is rich in the later formation. Majeed (2021) studied the formation based on its grain size and indicated that the Bai Hassan Formation was deposited in the fluvial environment through a sudden flood transgression associated with high flow and turbulence; these materials were filled in the synclines that occurred by the latest plate movements in the area during the lower Pliocene.

5. Bamo Conglomerates: The Bamo conglomerates commonly consist of polymictic conglomerates with angular-to-subangular clasts, and the matrix is almost sand and silt materials (Al-Kubaisi and Al-Saadi, 2020; Jassim and Goff, 2006). These clasts are interpreted as alluvial fan deposits, formed in response to tectonic uplift in the Zagros fold-thrust belt (Buday and Jassim, 1987). This bed is usually correlated with the Lower Bakhtiari Formation.

6. Quaternary deposits: These sediments are exposed in the wide area in the Sarqala and Rzgari areas and also in the narrow belt (west-east trends) north of Kalar. These deposits primarily consist of poorly sorted materials derived from variable lithology and multiple sources, including ophiolites and thrust sheets. Petrographic analyses reveal fragments of chert, carbonate, feldspar, and quartz, while heavy minerals such as pyroxene, amphibole, and zircon are present. Clay minerals identified chlorite and palygorskite, alongside quartz and calcite (Qader and Majeed, 2022). The deposits are geologically rarely studied except for the mentioned study.

7. River sediments: The sediments show a mix of coarse clastics and finer materials from the surrounding Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt. Lithological variations influence sediment transport and deposition along the river, with higher energy flows carrying coarser sediments downstream (Qader and Majeed, 2022). The sediments are influenced by the factors of weathering, tectonics, vegetation, and human activities (Ali et al., 2016), which were deposited during the Middle Miocene age (Al-Juboury and McCann, 2008)

2–4 vegetation zones in the Garmian region

Although it can occasionally be challenging to determine the delineation between distinct plant zones, two relatively well-defined types of vegetation can nevertheless be identified in the Garmian area (Figure 3).

 

 

Figure 3: Vegetation zones of Garmian region.

 

Steppe Zone

        This region extends from the northeastern part of the study area, specifically from the foothills of Darbandikhan in the northeast and the slopes of Bamo Mountain in the east to the semi-dry plains south of the Kifri district. This territory encompasses around 2639.36 km², constituting 88.53% of the overall Garmian region, with an elevation ranging from 141 to 500 meters. Gillett (1948) proposed the titles "Dry steppe" and "Moist steppe" for the two separate zones across the region.

Dry Steppe Zone

        This area spans the plains of Pebaz Land, adjacent to the Kalar district, stretching towards the dry steppe zone between Rizgari and Kifri to the west and culminating at the Kokz subdistrict in the southwest. This region encompasses roughly 1312.55 km², constituting 43.88% of the whole Garmian area, with altitudes varying from 141 to 300 meters, dominated by Centaurea spp, Eruca sativa, Anthemis spp, Silybum marianum and Carthamus oxycantha.

Moist Steppe Zone

        This area commences at the foothills near Darbandikhan and extends southwest through the Maidan lowlands, culminating at the boundaries of the Awa-Spi district (Khan Rustam Agha). It encompasses significant portions of the Darbandikhan, Sheikh Tawil, Pebaz, and Sarqala sub-districts. This area encompasses roughly 1,326.81 km², constituting 44.36% of the overall Garmian region, with altitudes varying from 350 to 500 meters. The primary habitats of this region are:

A. Steppe non-irrigated fields are predominantly characterized by Aegilops spp. and Poa bulbosa (grasses), as well as Centaurea iberica, Carthamus oxycantha, and Sinapis arvensis (herbs).

B. Steppe irrigation fields are primarily characterized by Hordeum spp. and Avena spp. (grasses), and Eruca sativa (herb), Prosopis farcta and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae subshrubs).

C. The foothills are characterized by Fumaria spp., Gundelia tournefortii, and Papaver glaucum (herbs), as well as Capparis spinosa and Prunus arabica.

 D. Riverian forest of plains is characterized by the Sirwan and Hawasan Rivers in the Garmian region, where Populus euphratica, Phragmites australis, Tamarix spp., and Rubus sanctus are the predominant plants.

E. Submerged river or canal vegetation: these regions are predominantly characterized by Potamogeton nodosus.

Forest Region

        The minimum height of this zone often reaches approximately 500 meters, ascending to 1,802 meters at the summit of Bamo Mountain in the eastern Garmian region. This area is acknowledged as one of the most significant in the region due to its biodiversity and is distinguished by oak forests. Situated to the northeast and east of the study area along the Iranian-Iraqi border, it encompasses the Bamo and Khoshk mountains, along with several highlands in the Darbandikhan and Bamo districts. The total area of this zone is approximately 341.9 km², representing 11.43% of Garmian's overall area. The Garmian forest zone can be classified into three subzones based on elevation.

A. Low Sub-zone: This is the first sub-zone that extends from 500 m to 850 m and encompasses 179.81 km² of the overall forest zone area, dominated by Quercus aegilops, Ficus carica, Rhus coriaria, and Paliurus spina-christi.

B. Medium Sub-zone: This is the second largest area within the mountain forest zones of the Garmian region, encompassing 117.41 km², representing 26.65% of the overall forest mountain zones, dominated by Quercus aegilops, Pistacia Shinjuku, Platanus orientalis, Crataegus azarolus, Marrubium vulgare, and Onosma rostellatum.

C. High Sub-zone: This is the highest part of the Garmian region, starting from 1400 m to 1802 m at the peak of Bamo Mountain. This sub-zone encompasses around 44.36 km², constituting 10% of the overall mountain forest zone area in the Garmian region, dominated by Quercus aegilops and Q. brantii.

3-Result and discussion         
The following list covers all vascular plant species of the Garmian region. It is based on collections made during the current study from Sep. 2021 to May 2024, as well as on distributions in volumes of the Flora of Iraq and Flora Iranica and on collections of herbariums inside and outside of Iraq. The total species count this study covers is 706, taxa of which 642 were collected in the current study.

        This study reported 712 taxa of vascular plants over 79 families, along with four more families—Pteridaceae (two species), Equisetaceae (one species), Adiantaceae (one species), and Aspleniaceae. There are 15 monocotyledon families, encompassing 138 species: Amaryllidaceae (10 spp.), Asparagaceae (10 spp.), Araceae (2 species), Asphodelaceae (1 spp.), Cyperaceae (11 spp.), Iridaceae (5 spp.), Ixioliriaceae (1 sp.), Juncaceae (4 spp.), Liliaceae (3 spp.), Linaceae (1 spp.), Orchidaceae (3 spp.), Poaceae (83 spp.), and Typhaceae (2 spp.), Potamogetonaceae (1 species), and Hydrocharitaceae (1 species), along with 568 species in 59 dicotyledon families. All species discussed in the study were identified utilizing all accessible floristic and monographic literature. The total number of these taxa is distributed throughout 336 genera, comprising five in ferns, 79 in monocots, and 251 in dicots. Incomplete collections devoid of flowers and/or fruits precluded species identification. The items are not consecutively numbered in the text and are omitted from the previously specified totals, as some or all may relate to species already considered in this study. The five prominent families, listed in descending order, are Asteraceae (107 species), Poaceae (83 species), Fabaceae (81 species), Brassicaceae (36 species), and Lamiaceae (34 species). Collectively, these five families account for 341 of the 712 species, constituting 47.89% of the overall Garmian flora. This study identified endemic plant species and clarified their locations in several places in the Garmian area (Figure 4).

        An alphabetical arrangement of all scientific names is utilized for simple reference, from the family level to species and intraspecific ranks (subspecies or variations). Species distribution beyond Kurdistan, Iraq, is primarily documented for Southwest Asia. Mabberley (2017), the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb), and the International Plant Names Index website (http://www.ipni.org) were consulted for delineating family, genus, and species boundaries.

        The subsequent scientific names, acronyms, and symbols provide information regarding each taxon. An asterisk (*) signifies a novel record reported for the first time in the current study for the Garmian area; two asterisks (**) indicate a new record for the Sulaimani district (MSU) and the Persian Foothills District (FPF);

Plant life cycles can be classified as annuals (a), biennials (b), and perennials (p). Field occurrence: frequent (c), occasional (o), rare (r), and extremely rare (vr). Reproductive condition: flowering (fl) and fruiting (fr). Geographical distribution: for additional districts in Iraq (M), as well as for Iran (I), Syria (S), and Turkey (T).  Figures 21, 22, 23, and 24 correspond to the collection years 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.

In addition to the gatherings made from the Garmian region in this study, collections cited in the Flora of Iraq and/or Flora Iranica are listed under the heading “Other collections,” in which localities, collectors, collection numbers, and herbaria housing these collections are given.

 

 

Figure 4:  Distribution of Endemic and near-endemic species in Garmian region.

 

Systematic plant listACERACEA

1.-Acer monspessulanm L. subsp. Persicum

(p, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(182), 21(316). 

2. AMARANTHACEAE

2.  Amaranthus albus L.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(861), 22(186), 23(401), 23(1533), 23(1588), 23(1769), 23(1860), 23(1887), 23(2021), 23(2169), 23(2210).

3. Amaranthus viridis L.

(**, a, o, fl, fr; M, T): 22(414), 22(860), 22(881), 22(1012), 22(1059), 23(1490), 23(1534), 23(1813), 23(1840), 23(1894).

4. Chenopodium album L.

 

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(366), 22(18), 22(94), 22(400), 22(501), 22(859), 22(886), 23(43), 23(317), 23(483), 23(1284), 23(1359), 23(1426), 23(1469), 23(1517), 23(1589), 23(1778).

5. Cornulaca monacantha Delile

(**, p, o, fl; M, I): 22(1066), 23(2280).

6. Halocharis sulphurea (Moq.) Moq.

Other collections: Jabal Hamrin, Shahraban, Haines 1453.

7. Halothamnus iraqensis Botsch.

Other collections: between Shahraban & Jalawla by Rechinger 8080a, b.

8. Noaea kurdica Eig

(*, p, r, fl, fr; M): 23(2223), 23(2276).

9. Noaea mucronata (Forssk.) Aschers. & Schweinf.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(357).

10. Salsola vermiculata L.    

Other collections: Khanaqin, Rogers 406.

11. Salsola inermis Forssk.   

Other collections: at Jabal Hamrin and Shahraban, Haines 1435.

3. AMARYLLIDACEAE

12. Allium atroviolaceum Boiss.

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, T) 22(623), 24(14), 24(14).

13. Allium cepa L.

(p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 24(67).

14. Allium dictyoprasum C.A.Mey. ex Kunth

(**, p, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(722), 23(843), 23(2091).

15. Allium longisepalum Bertol.

(, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(54), 23(99), 23(127), 23

(404), 23(582), 23(684), 23(751), 23(866).

16. Allium macrochaetum Boiss. & Hausskn.

(*, p, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 21(36).

17. Allium pallens L.

(**, p, r, fl, M, I, S, T): 22(99).

18. Allium paniculatum L.

(*, p, c, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(723), 23(1682), 24(45).

19. Allium pustulosum Boiss. & Hausskn.

(*, p, o, fl; M, I): 24(66).

20. Allium sindjarense Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Regel.

(*, p, c, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(177), 23(524).

21. Allium stamineum Boiss.

(*, p, c, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(1044), 23(2147), 23(1447), 23(1516), 24(5).

4. ANACARDIACEAE

22. Pistacia khinjuk stocks

(*, p, f, fl; M, I, S, T): 21(103), 21(158), 21(181), 21(221), 21(453), 22(784), 22(1085) 23(1689), 23(2075), 23(2175).

23. Rhus coriaria L.

(*, p, fr; M, I, S, T): 24(86).

5. APOCYNACEAE

24. Nerium oleander L. (p, c, fr, fl; M, I, S, T,) 21(152), 21(314), 21(427), 21(452), 22(166), 22(615), 22(902), 23(1744), 23(1928), 23(1960), 23(2046), 23(2185), 23(2257).

6. APIACEAE

25. Ainsworthia trachycarpa Boiss.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, T): 23(1456), 23(2080).

26.Anethum graveolens L.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(756).

27. Artedia squamata L.

(a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(55), 22(665), 23(1056), 23(1187), 23(1699), 23(1742).

28. Bunium paucifolium DC.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(590), 23(1639).

29. Bunium verruculosum C.C. Towns.

(*, p, vr, fl, fr; M, I, T): 23(1583).

30. Bupleurum lancifolium Hornem. Var. Heterophyllum

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(219), 22(271), 22(407), 23(59), 23(330), 23(370), 23(506), 23(545), 23(618), 23(655), 23(730), 23(824), 23(1235), 23(1323).

31. Bupleurum leucocladum Boiss.

(**, a, o, fr; M, I, S): 23(950).

32. Chaerophyllum nodosum Crantz

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(60).

33. Daucus carota L.

(*, a or b, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(59), 22(266), 22(319), 22(374), 22(460), 22(502), 22(529), 22(621), 22(716), 22(757), 22(862), 23(925), 23(1057), 23(1388), 23(1424), 23(1523), 23(1541), 23(1757), 23(2265).

34. Ducrosia flabellifolia Boiss.

(**, p, r, fr; M, I, S): 23(790).

 35. Eryngium campestre L.

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1745).

 36. Eryngium creticum Lam.

(*, p, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(620), 22(718), 22(736), 22(758), 22(819), 23(2098).

 37. Eryngium pyramidale Boiss. & Hausskn.

(*, p, r, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(2157).

 38. Eryngium thyrsoideum Boiss.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, T): 23(2123), 21(2139).

 39. Ferula orientalis L.

(*, p, vr, fl, fr; M, I, T): 23(2012).

 40. Ferula sphenobasis C.C. Towns.  

Other collections: 20 km SSW Khanaqin, Haines 1908.

41. Ferulago macrocarpa (Fenzl) Boiss.

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(714), 22(737), 22(818), 23(2074).

 42. Ferulago stellata Boiss.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1111).

 43.Heptaptera anisoptera (DC.) Tutin

(p, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(817).

 44. Lagoecia cuminoides L.

(a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(549), 23(1168).

 45. Leiotulus secacul (Mill.) Pimenov & Ostr.

(*, p, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(60), 23(1104), 23(1640).

 46.Lisaea strigosa (Banks & Sol.) Eig

(**, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(715).

 47. Oliveria decumbens Vent.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1865), 24(8).

 48. Opopanax hispidus (Friv.) Griseb.

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2076).

 49. Pimpinella brachyclada Rech.f. & Riedl

(*, p, f, fl; M): 22(785), 23(1698).

 50. Scandix stellata Banks & Sol.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(176), 23(788), 23(1026).

 51. Smyrnium cordifolium Boiss.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(548), 23(548).

 52. Tordylium aegyptiacum (L.) Lam

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, S, T): 23(924).

 53. Torilis chrysocarpa Boiss. & Balansa

(*, a, vr, fr; M, I, S): 22(654), 22(717).

 54. Torilis leptocarpa (Hochst.) C.C. Towns.

(*, a, r, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(215), 23(1789), 23(1823).

 55. Torilis leptophylla (L.) Reichb.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(318), 22(375), 22(461), 22(581), 23(1108), 23(1164), 23(1641), 23(1701).

 56.Torilis tenella (Del.) Reichb.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(78), 23(543), 23(805.

 57.Zosima absinthiifolia (Vent.) Link

(*, p, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1166), 23(1658).

7. ARACEAE

58. Biarum bovei Blume

(**, p, vr, fl, fr; M, I, T): 23(84), 23(354).

59. Biarum straussii Engl.

(**, p, r, fl; M, I): 23(717).

8.  ASPARAGACEAE

60. Bellevalia glauca (Lindl) Kunth amd Enum.

(*, p, c, hr, fl; M, I, T): 22(244), 23(71), 23(523).

61. Bellevalia kurdstanica Feinbrun in Pal.

(*, p, o, hr, fl; M, I): 22(87).

62. Bellevalia mosheovii Feinburn        

63. Bellevalia olivierii (Baker) Wendelbo

(*, p, o, hr, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(71), 23(1088).

64. Dipcadi erythraeum Webb & Berthel.            

65. Muscari comosum (L.) Mill.

(*, p, o, hr, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(20), 22(172).

66. Muscari longipes Boiss

(*, p, c, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(248), 23(402), 23(584), 23(718), 23(817).

67.Ornithogalum cuspidatum Bertol.

(*, p, c, hr, fl, fr; M, I, T): 22(197), 23(401), 23(818), 23(1087), 23(1138), 23(1630).

68. Ornithogalum iraqense Feinbrun

(p, o, hr, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(807), 23(1043), 23(1087), 23(1206).

Ornithogalum neurostegium Boiss. & Bl.

(*, p, o, hr, fl; M, I, S):  23(100), 23(117), 23(172), 23(209), 23(247), 23(583).

9. ASPHODELACEAE

69. Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav.

(*, a, c, hr, fl, fr: M, I, S): 22(21), 23(45).

10. ASPLENIACEAE

70.  (Asplenium ceterach L. subsp. ceterch

(**, a, c; M, I, S, T): 22(800), 24(42).

11. ASTERACEAE

71. Achillea aleppica DC. subsp. aleppica

(*, p, c, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(357), 23(515).

72. Achillea ageratum L.

(***, p, vr, fl; M): 23(1676).

73. Achillea wilhelmsii C.Koch

(*, p, f, fl; M, I, S, T): 21(286).

74. Anthemis arvensis L.

(**, a, o, fl; M, I, T): 21(25), 21(144), 22(273), 22(350), 22(384), 23(35), 23(139), 23(286), 23(409), 23(516), 23(553), 23(681), 23(1183), 23(1483).

75. Anthemis haussknechtii Boiss. & Reut.

(a, vr, fl, fr; M, I, T): 22(25), 22(81), 22(209), 23(768), 23(1118).

76.Anthemis hyalina DC.

(**, a, r, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(70).

77. Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss.

(*, a, f, fl; M, I, S, T): 21(160), 22(465), 23(113), 23(214), 23(361), 23(607), 23(725), 23(846), 23(908), 23(1022), 23(1075), 23(1221), 23(1260), 23(1387), 23(1482), 23(1755).

78. Anthemis tubicina Boiss. & Hausskn.

(*, a, f, fl; M, I, S, T): 21(17), 21(87), 21(108), 21(241), 21(288), 22(562), 22(661), 22(686), 23(286), 23(1492), 23(1568).

79. Anthemis wettsteiniana Hand.-Mazz.

(a, f, fl; M, I, S):23(167), 23(1614).

 80. Anthemis sp.

(*, a, o, fl; M): 22(14).

 81. Atractylis cancellata L.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(91), 21(302), 23(454), 23(677), 23(911), 23(954), 23(1074), 23(1330), 23(1399), 23(1487), 23(1706).

 82. Calendula alata Rech.f. 

Other collections: 7 km South of Darbandikhan, Barkley & al 118 (BUA).        

83. Calendula arvensis L.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(28), 22(118), 22(159), 23(5), 23(770).

 84. Calendula tripterocarpa Rupr.

(**, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S): 21(15), 21(41), 21(232), 22(392), 22(469), 23(41), 23(68), 23(137), 23(169), 23(212), 23(268), 23(360), 23(412), 23(440), 23(513), 23(576), 23(609), 23(881), 23(1068), 23(1288), 23(1334), 23(1369), 23(1406), 23(1485), 23(1528), 23(1607), 23(1854).

85. Carduus arabicus Jacq   

Other collections: Khanaqin, Rechinger 14135.

86. Carduus argentatus L.

(*, a, o, fl; M, S, T): 22(129).

87. Carduus pycnocephalus L.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(42), 22(150), 22(185), 22(248), 22(352), 22(391), 22(523), 22(531), 23(6), 23(140), 23(170), 23(287), 23(407), 23(445), 23(577), 23(682), 23(851), 23(907), 23(1023), 23(1181), 23(1269), 23(1416), 23(1673).

88. Carduus getulus Pomel   

Other collections: between Khanaqin & Baquba, Hadac 560. 

89. Carlina kurdica Meusel & Kästner

(*, p, f, fl, fr; M, S, T): 22(808), 23(2086), 23(2118), 23(2149).

 90. Carthamus dentatus (Forssk.) Vahl.

(**, p, vr, fl; M, S, T):

 91. Carthamus glaucus M. Bieb.

(*, a, o, fl; M, I, T): 22(807), 22(864), 23(2002), 23(2107).

 92. Carthamus oxyacanthus M. Bieb.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S): 21(391), 21(415), 22(134), 22(358), 22(390), 22(417), 22(763), 22(806), 22(910), 23(1267), 23(1336), 23(1386), 23(1484), 23(1782), 23(1869), 23(1937), 23(1940), 23(1996), 23(2065).

 93. Carthamus persicus Desf. & Willd.

(*, a, r, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(684), 23(1563), 23(1730), 23(1998), 23(1999), 23(2018).

 94. Centaurea aggregata Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, T): 23(1617), 23(1721).

95. Centaurea behen L.

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, T): 22(532), 22(694), 22(742).

 96. Centaurea benedicta (L.) L. var. benedicta

(a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(180), 23(446), 23(1019), 23(1565).

 97. Centaurea bruguiereana (DC.) Hand.-Mazz.

(*, a, c, fl,fr; M, I, S, T):22(246), 22(683), 22(803), 22(836), 22(1052), 23(1337), 23(1414), 23(1531), 23(1570), 23(1608), 23(1728), 23(1754),  23(1868), 23(1962), 23(2105), 23(2170).

 98. Centaurea gigantea Sch. Bip. & Boiss

(*, b, c, fl, f; M, T): 23(2136), 23(2171).

 99. Centaurea gudrunensis Boiss. & Hausskn

(*, p, r, fl, fr; M): 23(773).

 100. Centaurea hyalolepis Boiss.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T); 21(92), 23(258), 22(392), 22(80), 22(249), 22(349), 22(388), 22(467), 23(524), 23(125), 23(913), 23(1264), 23(1335), 23(1353), 23(1411), 23(1479), 23(1530), 23(1564), 23(1609), 23(1848), 23(1867), 23(1934), 23(2263).

 101. Centaurea iberica Trev. ex Spreng

(*, p, c, fl; M, I, S, T): 21(414), 22(597), 22(764), 22(896), 23(1935).

102. Centaurea irritans Wagenitz

(*, p, r, fl; M, I): 22(788), 23(1662), 23(2337).

 103. Centaurea regia Boiss.

(*, b, vr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(327), 22(628), 23(1672), 23(2156).

 104. Centaurea rigida Banks & Sol.

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, S, T): 21(208), 21(307), 23(514), 23(1268), 23(1661), 23(2338).

105.Centaurea spectabilis (DC.) Sch.Bip.

(*, p, r, fl, fr; Mm, I, T): 23(2023).

This species can easily be distinguished from others by the leaves, which are not decurrent or only slightly so.

 106. Centaurea solstitialis L.

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(595), 22(693), 22(765), 22(804), 23(1067), 23(1726), 23(1753), 23(1995), 23(2173).

 107. Centaurea virgata Lam.

(*, p, f, fl, fr; M, S, T): 22(830).

 108. Cichorium intybus L.

(*, p, c, fl; M, I, T): 22(191), 22(608), 23(1283), 23(1480), 23(1801).

 109. Cichorium pumilum Jacq.

(*, a, c, fl; M, I, S, T): 21(355), 21(389), 21(2021), 22(691), 23(423), 23(1072), 23(1259), 23(1340), 23(1413), 23(1493), 23(1731), 23(1752).

 110. Chardinia orientalis (L.) Kuntz

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(218), 23(1718), 23(1179), 23(774).

 111. Cota tinctoria (L.) J.Gay

(**, p, r, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(1612), 23(2127).

 112. Cousinia haussknechtii C. Winkler

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I): 22(809), 23(2121), 23(2246), 24(74).

 113. Cousinia sp

(*, p, -, fl, fr; M): 22(794), 22(825), 23(2155).

 114. Crepis alpina L.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, T): 21(525), 23(1615).

 115. Crepis foetida L. subsp. commutata (Spreng.) Babc.

(*, p, a, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(60), 22(277), 23(298), 23(663), 23(7), 23(40), 23(112), 23(171), 23(213), 23(289), 23(579), 23(677), 23(728), 23(847), 23(912), 23(957), 23(1069), 23(1180), 23(1348).

 116. Crepis kotschyana (Boiss.) Boiss.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(303), 22(898), 23(362). Crepis micrantha Czerep.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, In, S, T): 21(354).

117. Crepis pulchra L.

(*, a, r, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(171).

 118. Crepis sahendii Boiss. & Buhse.

(**, p, r, fl, f; M, I, T): 22(535).

 119. Crepis sancta (L.) Bornm

(a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(40), 23(413).

 120. Crupina crupinastrum (Moris) Vis.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(115), 21(212), 22(299), 22(468), 23(767), 23(844), 23(1143), 23(1184), 23(1660).

 12. Crupina vulgaris Pers. & Cass.

(**, a, vr, fl, fr; M, I, T): 22(560), 23(1616).

 122. Echinops chardinii Boiss. & Buhse

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I): 22(826), 22(828), 22(865), 23(1964), 23(2112).

 123. Echinops fraudator C.C.Towns.

(*, p, f, fl, fr; M, I): 21(313), 22(275), 22(348), 23(419), 22(561), 22(596).

 124. Echinops orientalis Trautv.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, T):  22(792), 22(897), 23(1966), 23(1983), 23(1992), 23(2099), 23(2102), 23(2150).

 125. Echinops parviflorus Boiss. & Buhse

(*, p, vr, fl, fr; M, I, T): 23(2068), 23(2140).

 126. Echinops polyceras Boiss.

(**, p, vr, fl, fr; M, S):22(530), 22(829), 22(1087), 23(2023), 23(2148), 24(39), 24(91).

 127. Echinops shakrokii S.A.Ahmad

(*, p, vr, fl, fr; M): 24(64).

 128. Echinops sp

(*, p, o, fl; M): 23(1994).

129.  Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.

(*, a, f, fl; M): 23(2178).

130. Erigeron bonariensis L.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(349), 21(411), 22(245), 22(835), 22(944), 22(977), 23(1819), 23(1871), 23(1905), 23(2057).

 131. Erigeron canadensis L.

(*, a, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(1054), 23(2193), 23(2203).

 132. Filago desertorum Pomel

Other collections: Khanaqin, Rechinger 9055 a, b.

133. Geropogon hybridus (L.) Sch.Bip.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(685), 24(41).

 134. Gundelia tournefortii L.

(*, p, c, fl; M, I, S, T): 21(43), 22(114), 22(276), 22(386), 22(748), 23(211), 23(517), 23(578), 23(679), 23(855), 23(915), 23(1619).

135. Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) F.W. Schmidt               subsp. cretica (L.) Hayek

Other collections: Shahraban, Rechinger 9736.                    

 136. Helianthus tuberosus L.

(**, p, f, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(2283).

137. Jurinea carduiformis (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss.

(*, b, f, fr; M, I): 23(1707), 23(2010).

138. Klasea cerinthifolia (Sm.) Greuter & Wagenitz

(p, vr, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(739).

139. Koelpinia chrysoglochis Rech.f.

Other collections: Naft Khana, Hadac 683(PR).

140. Koelpinia linearis Pall.

(*, a, f, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(114), 23(166), 23(410), 23(610), 23(680), 23(726), 23(849), 23(955), 23(1070).

Other collections: between Shahraban & Jalawla,Rechinger 14228 (W).

 141. Lactuca orientalis (Boiss.) Boiss.

(*, p, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2110).

 142. Lactuca saligna L.

(a, o, fr: M, I, S, T): 22(831), 22(945), 23(1996), 23(1997), 23(2130).

 143. Lactuca scarioloides Boiss.

(*, b, o, fr; M, I, T): 22(767), 22(834), 22(895), 22(947), 22(978), 22(1009), 22(1018), 22(1079), 23(1785), (1919), 23(2071).

 144. Lactuca tuberosa Jacq.

(*, p, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(533), 23(1675).

145. Lactuca undulata Ledeb.

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(1056), 22(1078).

146. Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Sch.Bip.

(*, a, r, f, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(353), 22(359).

147. Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass.

(*, a, c, M, I, S, T): 21(264), 22(136), 22(211), 22(244), 22(354), 22(385), 22(418), 22(466), 22(491), 22(525), 22(558), 23(4), 23(319), 23(487), 23(724), 23(850), 23(910), 23(953), 23(1024), 23(1071), 23(1146), 23(1262), 23(1303), 23(1332), 23(1385), 23(1481), 23(1532).

 148. Onopordum heteracanthum C.A. Mey.

(*, b, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(352), 23(1560), 24(73).

 149. Onopordum leptolepis DC.

(**, b, vr, fl, fr; M, I): 23(490):

150. Onopordum illyricum L.

(*, b, c, fl, fr; M, I, T): 21(324), 22(629), 22(687), 22(741), 23(676), 23(1674).

 151. Phagnalon kotschyi Sch.Bip.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): (789), 23(2152), 23(2166).

152. Phagnalon rupestre (L.) DC.

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(107), 23(1681).

 153. Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass

(*, a, f, fl; M, I, S, T): (23(1791), 23(2097), 23(2106).

154. Picris babylonica Hand.-Maz.      

Other collections: between Shahraban & Jalawla, Rechinger 14215(W).

155. Picris longirostris Schulz-Bip.

Other collections: Darbandikhan, Haines.

 156. Pseudopodospermum papposum (DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N. Kilian

(*, p, vr, fl, fr; M, I, T): 22(186), 23(723).

 157. Pseudopodospermum semicanum (DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N. Kilian

(*, p, f, fl, M, I, S, T): 23(772), 23(853), 23(1092).

158. Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh.

(*, p, c, fl; M, I, S, T): 21(409).

  159. Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss.

(p, f, fl, fr; M, I): 22(966), 23(1820), 23(1933), 23(1958), 23(2052), 23(2119), 23(2298).

 160. Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn.

(*, a, r, fl, fr; M, I, T): 21(390), 22(605), 22(1100), 23(1567).

 161. Rhagadiolus papposus (Boiss. & Buhse)

(p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2300).

162. Scorzonera phaeopappa Boiss.

(*, p, r, fl; M, I, T): 22(301), 23(39).

 163.Scolymus maculatus L.

(*, a, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(1329).

 164. Senecio glaucus L.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(16), 21(38), 21(59), 22(149), 22(274), 22(302), 22(534), 22(559), 22(630), 22(662), 23(69), 23(141), 23(359), 23(408), 23(611), 23(683), 23(769), 23(848), 23(906), 23(1116), 23(1182), 23(1258), 23(1494), 23(1613).

 165. Senecio vulgaris L.      

Other collections: Khanaqin, Rechinger 14249.                   

 166. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn

(a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(99), 22(124), 22(355), 22(413), 22(768), 23(318), 23(461), 23(488), 23(593), 23(909), 23(1021), 23(1077), 23(1440), 23(1491), 23(1562), 23(1800).

 167. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, T): 21(412), 22(15), 22(943), 23(921), 23(1606), 23(1849).

 168. Sonchus oleraceus L.

(*, a or b, o, fl; fr; M, I, S, T): 22(82), 22(119), 22(1055), 22(1080), 23(457), 23(489), 23(1368), 23(1569), 23(1870), 23(1903), 23(1938).

169. Sonchus tenerrimus L.

(*, a, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(237), 22(837), 22(976).

170. Taraxacum sonchoides (D. Don) Sch.Bip.

(*, p, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(2159).

171. Tragopogon buphthalmoides (DC.) Boiss.

(*, p, f, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(805).

 172. Tragopogon coelesyriacus Boiss.

(*, b, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(740), 23(411), 23(1119), 23(1654).

 173. ragopogon dubius Scop.

(**, b, o, fl; M, T): 23(1618).

 174. Urospermum picroides (L.) Scop. ex F.W. Schmidt

(a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(39), 21(110), 21(176), 22(120), 22(183), 22(212), 22(245), 22(308), 22(387), 22(470), 22(594), 22(751), 23(1025), 23(1176), 23(1177), 23(1333), 23(1802).

 175. Xanthium strumarium L.

(*, p, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(444), 22(478), 22(851), 22(928), 23(986), 23(1825), 23(2190), 23(2250), 23(2300).

 176.Xeranthemum annuum L.

(*, a, vr, fl, fr; M, In, T): 23(1680), 23(2128), 23(2164).

12. BERBERIDACEAE

177. Leontice leontopetalum L.

(p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(194), 23(54), 23(305), 23(343), 23(816), 23(1106).

13. BORAGINACEAE

178. Anchusa azurea Mill.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(90), 21(128), 21(265), 21(308), 22(93), 22(115), 22(264), 22(313), 22(433), 22(634), 22(876), 22(912), 22(984), 23(16), 23(30), 23(123), 23(159), 23(216), 23(294), 23(447), 23(546), 23(645), 23(841), 23(886), 231038(), 23(1134), 23(1152), 23(1227), 23(1371), 23(1506), 23(1629), 23(1773), 23(1866)

179. Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Coss. & Kral.

Other collections: Khanaqin, Rechinger 14139.

180. Arnebia linearifolia DC.               

Other collections: betbetween Shaharban & Jalawla, Rechinger 14218.

181. Borago officinalis L.

(**, a, vr, fl; M, T): 22(232).

182. Caccinia macranthera (Banks & Sol.) Brand

Other collections: Khanaqin, Haines 1906.

183. Echium italicum L.

(*, p, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(680), 22-(877), 23(1732), 23(2018).

184. Heliotropium lasiocarpum Fisch. & C.A. Mey.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(902), 23(1842), 23(2192).

185. Nonea caspica (Willd.) G. Don    

Other collection: Darbandikhan, Haines 1939.

186. Nonea melanocarpa Boiss.

(*, p, r, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1600).

187. Onosma alborosea Fisch. & C.A. Mey.

(*, p, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(306), 22(875), 23(1086), 23(1710), 23(2000).

188. Onosma cardiostegium Bornm.

(*, p, r, fl; M, I): 22(572), 23(152), 23(1207).

189. Onosma macrophylla Bornm. var. angustifolia Bornm.

(*, p, f, fl, fr, M, I, T): 22(127), 23(643), 23(721), 23(1417).

 190. Onosma orientale L.

Other collections: Darbadikhan, Barkley 7725 (BUA).

191. Onosma rostellata Lehm.

(*, p, f, fl, fr; M, I, T): 22(786), 23(1652).

192. Onosma wheler-hainsei H. Riedl

Other collections: Khanaqin, Haines s.n. (holo), (E).

193. Rochelia disperma (L.f.) C. Koch

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(792).

14. BRASSICACEAE

194. Aethionema carneum (Banks & Sol.) B. Fedtch.

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(828), 23(1109).

195. Alyssum minus (L) Rothm. var. micranthum (C. A. Merry) Dudley

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(3), 21(143).

196. Alyssum strigosum Banks & Sol.

(*, f, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(305).

197. Alyssum szovitsianum Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

(*, a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(2352), 23(1114),

198. Biscutella didyma L.

(a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(6), 21(28), 21(130), 21(156), 22(304), 22(638), 23(696), 23(795), 23(1155).

199. Brassica deflexa Boiss.

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(357).

200. Brassica nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(549), 23(1325), 23(00).

201. Calepina irregularis (Asso) Thell.

(b, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(262), 23(1012).

202. Carrichtera annua (L.) DC.         

203. Clypeola lappacea Boiss.

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(606).

204. Coincya tournefortii (Gouan) Alcaraz

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(520), 23(1507).

205. Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S): 22(17), 22(624), 23(122), 23(193), 23(306), 23(358), 23(475), 23(604), 23(624), 23(959), 23(1046), 23(1836).

 206. Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.) Boiss.

(b, c, fl, fr; M, I, S): 21(259).

 207. Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa (Miller) Thell.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(14), 21(194), 21(235), 21(278), 21(305), 2(347), 22(1), 22(30), 22(91), 22(141), 22(403), 22(404), 22(429), 23(19), 23(37), 23(72), 23(87), 23(119), 23(194), 23(274), 23(433), 23(547), 23(690), 23(697), 23(736), 23(826), 23(1049), 23(1326), 23(1377), 23(1444), 23(1586).

 208. Erucaria crassifolia Delile

(**, a, vr, fl, fr; M): 22(128), 23(74), 23(455), 23(735), 23(1045).

 209. Glastaria glastifolia Kuntze

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, S, T): 22(50).

 210. Erucaria hispanica (L.) Druce

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(268), 23(36), 23(91), 23(118), 23(195), 23(268), 23(273), 23(268), 23(603), 23(927), 23(1242).

211. Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr. -Foss

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(246), 23(2353).

212. Iberis acutioloba Bertol.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, S, T): 22(56), 23(242).

 213. Isatis cappadocica Desv.

(*, p, o, fr; M, In, S, T): 21(165), 22(537), 23(1643).

 214. Isatis cochlearis Boiss

(**, b, c, fl, fr; M, I, T): 22(32).

 215. Isatis lusitanica L.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(412), 23(733), 23(1156).

 216. Lepidium aucheri Boiss.

(**, a, r, fl, fr; M, I, S): 22(92), 23(2295).

 217. Lepidium draba L.

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T):21(191), 21(335), 21(343), 22(89), 22(458), 22(586), 23(1113), 23(1642).

 218. Leptaleum filifolium (Willd.) DC.

between Jalaula & Muqdadiya, Rechinger 14229.

219. Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(29), 22(187), 22(270), 22(321), 23(81), 23(90), 23(121), 23(196), 23(276), 23(391), 23(531), 23(601), 23(698), 23(737), 23(827), 23(1048), 23(1243), 23(2004).

 220. Nasturtium officinale R. Br.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(236), 23(1941).

 221. Neslia apiculata Fisch.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1686).

 222. Parlatoria cakiloidea Boiss.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, T): 21(78).

 223. Raphanus raphanistrum L.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, T): 22(320).

 224. Raphanus sativus L.

(*, b, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(67), 22(519).

225. Sinapis arvnnsis L.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(31), 23(639), 23(734), 23(928), 23(1050), 23(1245), 23(1430), 23(1804).

 226. Sinapis aucheri x Sinapis arvensis

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M): 21(179).

 227. Sinapis sp

(*, a, c, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(322), 22(402), 23(34), 23(120), 23(223), 23(275), 23(392), 23(794).

 228. Sisymbrium irio L.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(265), 23(31), 23(307), 23(476).

 229. Sisymbrium runcinatum Lag. ex DC.

(*, a, r, fl, fr; M, I, S): 23(1047).

230. Strigosella africana (L.) Boch.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(17), 23(33), 23(459), 23(699).

15. CAMPANULACEAE

231. Campanula perpusilla DC.

Other collections: Darbandikhan, Haines 2165.

232. Campanula propinqua Fisch.

(*, a, o, hr, fl, fr: M, I, S, T): 21(5), 21(62), 23(1051), 23(1153), 23(1656).

16. CANNABACEAE

233. Ciltis australis var. caucasica (Willd)

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, In, S, T): 21(159), 23(455).

17. CAPPARACEAE

234. Capparis spinosa L. var. leucohylla (DC.) Boiss.

(p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(105), 321(363), 22(327), 22(544), 22(956), 22(985), 22(1013), 23(1585), 23(1834).

235. Capparis spinosa L. var. parviflora (Boiss.) Boiss.

(p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(312), 22(695), 22(857), 23(1984), 23(2104), 23(2126).

18. CAPRIFOLIACEAE

236. Cephalaria dichaetophora Boiss

(*, a, o, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(688), 22(791).

237. Cephalaria syriaca (L.) Schard.

(a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(664).

238. Valerianella dentata (L.) Poll.      

239. Valerianella deserticola Hadač

(**, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S): 23(686).

240. Valerianella coronata (L.) DC.

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2345).

241. Valerianella kotschyi Boiss.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(231).

242. Valerianella muricata (Stev.)

(a, o, fl, fr; M, I, T): 22(359).

243. Valerianella oxyrhyncha Fisch.

(a, o, fl, fr; M, I, T): 23(115).

244. Valerianella vesicaria (L.) Moench.

(a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(150), 22(34), 23(116), 23(176), 23(250), 23(685), 23(821), 23(887), 23(951), 23(1175), 23(1239), 23(1687).

19. CARYOPHYLLSCEAE

245. Arenaria leptoclados (Rchb.) Guss.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M): 23(1016).

246. Arenaria serpylliflia L.

(**, a, vr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1017).

247. Cerastium dicotomum L.

(*, a, f, fl; M, I, T): 23(1638).

248. Dianthus siphonocalyx Blakelock

(*, p, c, fl, fr, M, T): 23(2094).

249. Dianthus strictus subsp. Strictus var. subenervis Banks & Soland

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, T): 21(81), 22(678), 23(1590), 23(1748).

250. Dianthus strictus subsp. Velutinus (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, S): 23(2134): 22(632).

251. Dianthus zonatus var. hypochlorus (Boss. & Helder) Reeve

(**, p, vr, fl, fr; M, S, T): 23(2134).

252. Gypsophila pilosa Hudson

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(267), 22(239), 22(324), 22(432), 23(163), 23(240), 23(328), 23(399), 23(435), 23(521), 23(554), 23(600), 23(673), 23(749), 23(916), 23(1317), 23(1378), 23(1410), 23(1468), 23(1517).

253. Hernaria hemistemon J. Gay

(**, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S): 21(48), 23(1014), 23(1248), 23(1346), 23(1573).

254. Loeflingia hispanica L. 

Other collections: Shahraban, Rechinger 9725.

255. Mesostemma gypsophiloides (Fenzl) M. T. Sharples & E. A. Tripp

(*, p, f, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2013).

256. Pteranthus dichotomus Forrsk.    

 257. Silene ampullata Boiss.

(*, p, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2162).

 258. Silene apetala Wild.

(**, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(11), 21(252), 21(304),  22(48), 22(84), 22(205), 22(326), 22(455), 23(66), 23(131), 23(239), 23(325), 23(354), 23(397), 23(473), 23(518), 23(598), 23(747), 23(918), 23(1375), 23(1428), 23(1852), 23(190).

259. Silene colorata subsp. Oliveriana (Otth) Rohrb.

(**, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(37), 22(284), 23(165), 23(355), 23(689), 23(867), 23(919), 23(1151).

 260. Silene coniflora Nees & Otth

(*, a, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(75), 22(488), 23(132), 23(398), 23(520), 23(551), 23(597), 23(746).

 261. Silene conoedia L.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, T): 22(206), 23(324), 23(672), 23(1110), 23(1289), 23(1574), 23(1779).

 262. Silene longipetala Vent.

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1712).

 263. Silene microsperma Fenzl

(*, a, r, fr; M, I): 23(1512), 23(1575), 23(1969).

 264. Silene rubella L.           

Other collections: Khanaqin, Rechinger 14127.

265.  Silene vivianii Steudel  

Other collections: Khanaqin, Rechiger 9054.

266. Saponaria sp.

(a, M): 23(720), 23(1027).

 267. Stellaria media (L.) Vill.

(*, a, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 21(249).

 268. Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, T): 21(82), 21(234), 23(276), 23(345), 22(207), 22(258), 23(325), 22(431), 22(487), 22(504), 22(616), 22(782), 22(871), 23(16423 (400), 23(472), 23(484), 23(519), 23(550), 23(599), 23(688), 23(748), 23(868), 23(917), 23(952), 23(1015), 23(1247), 23(1297), 23(1316), 23(1348), 23(1423), 23(1467), 23(1513), 23(1571), 23(1671), 23(2266).

269.Velezia rigida L.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, T):22(633), 22(657), 23(1319), 23(1670).

20. CISTACEAE

270. Fumana arabica (L.) Spach.

(*, p, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(2145).

271. Helianthemum ledifolium subsp. lasiocarpum (Willk.) Rech. F.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, T): 21(117), 22(102), 22(568), 23(174), 23(292), 23(405), 23), 23(529), 23(581), 23(671), 23(750), 23(805), 23(813), 23(1115), 23(1646).

21. CLEOMACEAE

272. Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb.

(a, o, fr; M, I, S, T,): 23(2037)

273. Cleome glaucescens DC.

(a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T,): 23(764).

274. Cleome quinquenervia DC.

(p, c, fl; M, I, S, T,): 22(1075), 22(1111), 23(2042), 23(2072), 23(2219), 23(2279).

22. CONVOLVULACEAE

275. Convolvulus arvensis L.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T):  21(233), 21(255), 21(269), 21(275), 21(282), 21(337), 21(380), 21(405), 22(140), 22(311), 22(398), 22(514), 22(622), 22(754), 22(763), 22(846), 22(927), 22(950), 22(1003), 22(1043), 22(1050), 22(1069), 22(1096), 23(466), 23(481), 23(1787), 23(1809), 23(1833), 23(1881), 23(1972), 23(2207), 23(2307).

276. Convolvulus cephalopodus

277. Convolvulus chondrilloides Boiss. Var. chondrilloides

(*, p, r, fl, fr; M, I, T): 23(2073), 23(2082), 23(2124), 23(2243).

278. Convolvulus hamrinensis Rech.f.

Other collections: Muqdadiya, Rechinger 8083 (holo, W).

279. Convolvulus leptocladus Boiss.    

Other collections: Karati, Khanaqin, Rawi 5720.

280. Convolvulus kotschyanus Boiss.

(**, p, r, fl, fr; M, S, T): 21(419).

281. Convolvulus reticulatus subsp. Reticulata 23(1991)

282. Convolvulus stachydifolius Choisy

(*, p, fl; M, I, S, T): 21(280), 22(55), 22(233), 22(312), 22(503), 22(926), 23(265), 23(309), 23(533), 23(667), 23(716), 23(802), 23(814), 23(1287).

283. Cuscuta babylonica Aucher ex Choisy

(*, p, o, fl, M, I, S, T): 22(990), 23(2103).

284. Cuscuta compestris Yuncker

(*, a, r, fl, fr; M, I): 21(377), 21(439), 22(845), 22(948), 23(1955).

285. Cuscuta lehmanniana Bunge

(*, a, c, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(666), 23(815), 23(1042).

 286. Ipomoea purpurea (L) Roth.

(*, p, f, fl; M): 21(9), 22(1070).

23. CRASSULACEAE

287. Sedum caespitosum (CAV.) DC.

(*, a, o, hr, fl, fr; M, S, T): 23(631).

288. Umblicus horizontalis var. intermedius Boiss.

(*, p, o, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(163), 22(557).

289. Umblicus tropaeolifolius Boiss.

(*, p, o, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(163), 22(557).

24.CUCURBITACEAE

2890. Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.

(p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(437), 22(785), 22(869), 22(878), 22(953), 23(1774), 23(2211).

25. CYPERACEAE

291. Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla

(*, p, c, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T):

292. Cyperus glaber L.

(*, a, o, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(430), 22(981).

293. Cyperus iria L.

(a, r, hr, fl, fr; M, I): 22(1007), 23(1891), 23(2064), 23(2181).

294. Cyperus longus L.

(*, p, o, hr, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1737).

295. Cyperus michelianus (L.) Delile

(**, a, o, hr, f, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(1099).

296. Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl         

Other collections: Darbandikhan, Haines 2024 (E).

297. Fimbristylis bisumbellata (Forssk.) Bub.

(**, a, o, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(962), 23(1818), 23(2041), 23(2060).

298. Pycreus polystachyos (Rotch.)

(**, a, vr, hr, fl; M):

299. Schenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla

(***, p, vr, hr, fr; M): 23(2026).

300. Schenoplectus litoralis (Schard.)

(*, p, c, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S): 21(386), 22(1084).

 301. Scripoedes holoschoenus L.

(*, p, r, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(675), 22(746), 23(1282), 23(1392), 23(1735).

302. Torulinum odoratum (L.) Hooper in Kew

(**, a, o, hr, fl, fr; M): 21(351), 21(421), 22(772), 22(980), 22(1024), 22(1083), 22(1098), 23(1431), 23(1546), 23(1832), 23(2252), 23(2286).

25. DIPSACACEAE

303. Pterocephalus plumosus (L.) Coult

((*, a, c, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(85), 21(325), 22(540), 22(585), 22(783), 23(1540), 23(1688).

304. Scabiosa brachycarpa Boiss.

(**, p, o, fl, fr: M, I, S): 23(1993).

305. Scabiosa divaricata Jacq.

(**, a, f, hr, fl, fr ; M, S, T):22(584).

306. Scabiosa leucactis Patzak.

(*, a, o, hr, fl, fr; M, I): 23(822), 23(1061).

307. Scabiosa palaestina var. palaestina Boiss.

(*, a, c, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S,T): 21(51), 22(721), 22(814).

308. Scabiosa porphyroneura Blakelock

(**, a, f, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S): 23(584).

26. EPHEDRACEAE

309. Ephedra transitoria Riedl

Other collections: Kifri, Gillett & Rawi 7411.

27. EQUISETACEAE

310. Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.

(p, f, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(360), 22(95), 22(914), 23(2231), 23(2287).

28. EUPHORBIACEAE

311. Andrachne aspera spreng.

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, T): 22(218), 23(67), 23(1980), 23(2217)

312. Andrachne telephioides L.

(p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(318), 21(356), 22(237), 22(938), 22(1058), 22(1082), 23(270), 23(1651), 23(1855), 23(1900), 23(2167), 23(2208).

313. Chrozophora tinctoria L.

(a, c, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(404), 22(844), 22(866), 22(888), 22(939), 22(975), 22(1004), 22(1029), 22(1103), 23(1412), 23(1579), 23(1764), 23(1806), 23(1843), 23(1876), 23(1886), 23(1931), 23(1970), 23(2054), 23(2186), 23(2214), 23(2302).

314. Euporbia chamaesyce L.

(a, o, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(263), 21(416), 21(4442), 21(445), 22(770), 22(841), 23(1899), 23(1932).

315. Euphorbia denticulata Lam.

 (**, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(336), 22(570), 22(816), 22(868), 23(779), 23(1132), 23(1708), 23(2025), 23(2132).

316. Euphorbia falcata L.

(a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T):  22(710), 23(1250), 23(1403), 23(1877).

317. Euphorbia granulata Forssk.       

Other locations: 45 km North of Jalawla, Rawi et al 29511.

318. Euphorbia helioscopa L.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(204), 21(287), 22(64), 22(135), 23(14), 23(15), 23(464), 23(830), 23(1011).

319. Euphorbia hirta L.

(**, a, r, hr, fl, fr; S): 22(842), (1057), 23(1904).

320. Euphorbia hypericifolia L.

(**, a, vr, fl, fr): 22(485), 22(937), 22(2878).

 321. Euphorbia indica Lam.

(*, a, vr, hr, fl, fr; M, I): 22(847), 22(1057),1904).

322. Euphorbia macrocarpa Boiss.

(**, a, o, hr, fl, fr; M, I, T): 21(213), 21(320), 22(569), 22(639), 22(732), 23(1733).

323. Euphorbia marginata Pursh.

(**, a, vr, hr, fl; M): 22(821).

324. Euphorbia petiolata Banks & sol.

(*, a, c, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(843), 23(1402), 23(1605), 23(1839), 23(1909).

325. Euphorbia phymatoserma Boiss & Gaill.

(**, a, vr, hr, fr; M, I, S): 23(1131), 23(1628).

 326. Ricinus communis L.

(**, p, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1604).

29. FABACEAE

327. Alhagi graecorum Boiss.

(*, p, c, fl; M, I, T): 21(365), 21(377), 22(407), 22(775), 22(930), 23(1232), 23(2048), 23(2209).

328. Anagyris foetida L.

(*, p, f, fl, fr; M, S, T): 22(167). 24(80).

329. Arachis hypogaea L.

(**, a, f, f, fl; M): 22(983), 23(997).

330. Astragalus bombycinus Boiss.      

Other collections: 10 km South of Khanaqin, Rechinger 9072.

331. Astragalus bruguieri Boiss

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I): 22(174), (677).

332. Astragalus caprinus L. subsp.lanigerus (Desf.) Maire

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(173), 23(787).

333. Astragalus chaborasicus Boiss & hawsskn.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, S, T): 23(835): 23(835).

334. Astragalus corrugatus Bertol.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(742).

335. Astragalus curvirostris Boiss subsp. psilocarpus Townsend

(*, p, r, fl; M, I):23(93).

336. Astragalus gossypinus Fisch.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2089), 23(2117), 23(2245), 23(2272).

337. Astragalus kirrindicus Boiss.

(*, p, o, fr; M, I): 23(2163).

 338. Astragalus laguriformis Freyn.

(*, p, o, fl; M, I, T): 23(1716).

 339. Astragalus schimperi Boiss.        

Other collections: Pilkana, 10 km East of  Khanaqin             , Rawi 12622.

340. Astragalus Hamosus L.

Other collections: Qizil Robat (Sa'diya) Guest 1965.

341. Astragalus sp.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, S): 23(978).

342. Astragalus spinosus (Forssk.) Muschl.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S): 22(334), 23(147).

 343. Astragalus rawianus Townsend

(*, p, r, fl; M, I): 21(120), 23(1620).

 344. Astragalus russelii Banks & Sol.

(*, p, o; fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(12), 23(95), 23(575).

 345. Coronilla scorpioides (L.) W. D.J. Koch

(a, o, fl; M, In, S, T): 21(55), 21(367), 22(144), 22(226), 22(280),22(379), 22(702), 23(9), 23(124), 23(190), 23(229), 23(314), 23(417), 23(424), 23(571), 23(591), 23(741), 23(796), 23(840), 23(), 23(893), 23(965), 23(992), 23(1205), 23(1308), 23(1379), 23(1473), 23(1692), 23(1771), 23(1850), 23(1863).

 346. Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

(p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(310), 22(435), 22(526), 22(967), 22(1097), 23(1799), 21(364), 23(381).

347. Hippocrepis multisiliquosa L.

(*, a, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(148), 22(227), 23(279), 23(315), 23(574), 23(593), 23(744), 23(966), 23(1597).

 348. Hippocrepis unisiliquosa L. subsp. Bisiliqua (Forssk.) Bornm.

(a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(23), 22(335), 23(58), 23(187), 23(227), 23(334), 23(438), 23(510), 23(654), 23(834), 23(1350), 23(1500), 23(1694).

349. Hippocrepis areolata Desv.

Other collections: Shahraban (Muqdadiya), Haines W. 844.

350. Hymenocarpos circinnatus (L.) Savi.

(a, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(36), 22(269), 23(55), 23(192), 23(280), 23(316), 23(507), 23(833), 23(970), 23(976), 23(1202), 23(1300), 23(1477), 23(1498).

Other collection was in Kani Kirmaj, Poore 468.

351. Lathyrus aphaca L.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, T): 23(984), 23(1459).

 352. Lathyrus inconspicuous L.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(67), 21(134), 22(279), 23(189), 23(279), 23(312), 23(652), 23(839), 23(895), 23(1123), 23(1163), 23(1200), 23(1770).

 353. Lathyrus sphaericus Retz.

(*, a, vr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(56), 23(739).

354. Lens orientalis (Boiss.) Hand. -Mazz.

(*, a, f, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(296), 23(1094), 23(1622).

 355. Lotus halophilus Boiss. & Sprun.

(*, a, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(452).

356. Medicago coronata (L.) Bartal.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(8), 22(336), 22(383), 23(231), 23(281), 23(341), 23(565), 23(650), 23(838), 23(979).

 357. Medicago intertexta (L.) Mill.

(**, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(613).

 358. Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill.

(a, f, fr; M, I, S): 22(298), 23(527), 23(894).

 359.Medicago lupulina L.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(191), 23(653), 23(1497).

 360. Medicago minima (L.) Bartal.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(565), 23(460), 23(653), 23(853), 23(980), 23(1475).

 361. Medicago noeana Boiss.

(*, a, r, fl, fr; M, T): 22(57).

 362. Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal.

(*, a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(185), 22(563).

 363. Medicago rigidula (L.) All.

(*, a, r, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(309), 23(419), 23(784).

364. Medicago rotate Boiss.

(**, a, vr, fl, fr; M, S, T): 23(184).

 365. Medicago sativa L.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(231), 23(1395), 23(2053), 23(2205).

 366. Medicago sp.

(a, o, fl, fr; M): 23(745).

367. Melilotus messanensis (L.) All.    

Other collections: Jabal Hamrin, Anthony.

368. Ononis reclinata L.

(a, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(2355).

 369. Ononis serrata Forssk.

(*, a, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(985), 23(1278), 23(1460).

370. Onobrychis acaulis Bornm.

(*, p, c, fl; M, I): 23(188), 23(651).

 371. Onobrychis caput-galli (L.) Lam.

(a, f, fl; M, I, S, T): 21(65).

 372. Onobrychis cristo-galli (L.) Lam

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(292), 22(700), 23(126), 23(186), 23(232), 23(278), 23(416), 23(509), 23(566), 23(590), 23(647), 23(836), 23(889), 23(964), 23(990), 23(1024), 23(1229), 23(1307), 23(1415), 23(1502).

373. Onobrychis ptolemaica (Del.) DC. subsp. Macroptera

(*, p, o, fl; M, I, S): 23(283).

 374. pisum sativum L.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(436), 23(1093), 23(1122), 23(1626).

 375. Prosopis farcta (Banks et Sol.) Macbride

(*, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(309), 21(373), 21(417), 22(852), 22(931), 23(1830), 23(2114), 23(2270).

 376. Scorpiurus muricatus L. var. muricatus

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(244), 22(223), 22(281), 22(382), 22(451), 22(735), 23(228), 23(339), 23(743), 23(987), 23(1397), 23(1474), 23(1550), 23(2356).

 377. Scorpiurus muricatus L. var. subvillosus (L.) Lam.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(133), 22(339), 22(434), 22(479), 22(612), 22(701), 23(313), 23(418), 23(453), 23(512), 23(648), 23(786), 23(832), 23(892), 23(1052), 23(1201), 23(1230), 23(1499).

 378. Scorpiurus muricatus L. var. aknown

(**, a, o, fl, fr; M): 23(181), 23(570).

 379. Trifolium arvense L.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T):23(983).

 380. Trifolium campestre Schreb.

(*, a, c, fl; M, I, S, T): 21(167), 22(333), 22(482), 22(553), 22(567), 22(651), 22(652), 23(808), 23(891), 23(981), 23(1160), 23(1203), 23(1231), 23(1299), 23(1344), 23(1407), 23(1471), 23(1496), 23(1551).

381. Trifolium dasyurum Presl.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(837), 23(1121), 23(1199).

382. Trifolium echinatum Bieb.           

Other collections: Darbandikhan, Sadiq & ali 152 (K).

383. Trifolium haussknechtii Boiss.

(**, a, r, fl, fr; M, I, T): 21(190), 22(551), 22(703).

Rare in Kurdistan Iraq, only found twice, in the N.W. sector of the moist steppe zone, and Bashiqa, between Fadhiliya and Bashiqa, (HUJ). The above collection is a third from Iraq.

 384. Trifolium lappaceum L.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(361), 23(1743).

385. Trifolium purpureum Loisel.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(46), 21(209), 21(332), 22(376), 22(481), 22(564), 22(650), 22(733), 23(1625), 23(1693), 23(1722), 23(1746).

 386. Trifolium resupinatum L.

(*, a, c, fl; M, In, S, T): 21(97), 21(162), 21(361), 21(395), 22(10), 22(73), 22(132), 22(243), 22(378), 22(450), 22(614), 22(676), 23(342), 23(463), 23(465), 23(480), 23(890), 23(988), 23(1279), 23(1365), 23(1405), 23(1438), 23(1548), 23(1798).

 387. Trifolium scabrum L.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1525), 23(1624).

 388. Trifolium sp.

(*, a, o, fl; M): 21(114).

 389. Trifolium stellatum L.

(*, a, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(7), 21(27), 21(104), 22(295), 23(649), 23(898), 23(977), 23(1053), 23(1159), 23(1290), 23(1501).

390. Trifolium subterraneum L.

Other collections: Darbandikhan, Haines 1624.

391. Trifolium tomentosum L. var. tomentosum

(a, o, fl, fr, M, I, T): 23(311), 23(564), 23(589), 23(2408), 23(1547).

 392. Trigonella uncinata Banks & Sol.

(a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(511), 23(592), 23(809), 23(897), 23(969).

 393. Vicia articulata Hornem.

(**, a, r, fl, fr; M, T): 22(222), 23(10), 23(183).

394. Trigonella coerulescens (M. Bieb.) Halacsy

Other collections: Tuz Khurmatu, Nabeleck 3048.

 395. Vicia assyriaca Boiss.

(**, a, r, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(97), 22(116), 22(130), 22(224), 22(337), 22(380), 23(185), 23(439), 23(468), 23(896), 23(968), 23(1396), 23(1845).

396. Vicia hirsuta (L.) S. F. Gray.

(**, a, vr, fl, fr; M, S, T): 22(278), 22(653), 23(1690), 23(2354).

397 Vicia hybrida L.

(*, a, r, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(679).

398. Vicia koeieana Rech.f.

(**, a, r, fl; M, I, T): 23(1470).

399. Vicia lathyroides L.

(**, a, vr, fl, fr; M, S, T): 22(52), 22(282).

400. Vicia michauxii Spreng.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(76), 22(283), 23(233), 23(1161).

401. Vicia monantha Retz.

(*, a, c, fl, M, I, S, T): 23(48).

402. Vicia narbonensis L.

(*, a, c, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(172), 22(477), 23(567), 23(1095), 23(1621).

403. Vicia sativa subsp. amphicarpa (Dorthes) Asch.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, S, T):

404. Vicia sativa subsp. nigra Ehrh.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(77), 21(131), 21(184), 22(338), 23(285), 23(478), 23(738), 23(1198), 23(1691).

405. Vicia sativa subsp. sativa L.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(211), 22(22), 22(131), 22(381), 22(453), 22(476), 22(552), 22(566), 22(704), 22(734), 23(588), 23(1120), 23(1888).

406. Vicia tenuifolia Roth.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 231470).

 407. Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2195).

30. FAGACEAE

408.Quercus persica Jaub. & Spach

(*, p, r, fr; M, I): 21(449), 23(2129).

409. Quercus brantii Lindl.

(*, p, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(448), 22(708), 23(1738), 23(2017), 23(2141).

31. FRANKENIACEAE

410. Frankenia hirsuta L.

Other collections: Mandali, Guest 786.

32. GENTIANACEAE

411. Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Hudson subsp. Perfoliata

(*, a, r, hr, fl; M, S, T): 22(905).

412. Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) druce.

(*, a, c, hr. fl; M, I, T): 23(1749).

413. Schenkia spicata (L.) G. Mans.

(**, a, o, hr, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(973).

414 Centaurium tenuiflorum (Hoffm. & Link) Fritsch

(**, a, o, hr, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(1298), 23(1342), 23(1457), 23(1514).

33. GERANIACEAE

415. Erodium ciconium (Jusl.) L'Her. ex Aiton

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(13), 21(196), 23(51), 23(146), 23(345), 23(542), 23(926), 23(1172).

416. Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her. ex Aiton

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(52), 22(61), 22(147), 2(396), 23(175), 23(346).

417. Erodium gruinum (L.) L´Hér.

(*, a, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(98), 23(50), 23(98), 23(145), 23(236), 23(326), 23(819), 23(1037).

418. Erodium malacoides (L.) L´Hér.

(*, a, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(43), 23(268), 23(395), 23(486), 23(731), 23(1158), 23(1657).

419. Erodium moschatum (L.) L'Her. & Aiton

Other collections: Khanaqin, Rechinger 9023, 14107.

420. Geranium dissectum L.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(635), 22(659), 23(1124).

421. Geranium kurdicum Bornm.

(*, a, fr fl, fr; M, T): 21(169), 21(207), 22(555), 23(800), 23(1157), 23(1171), 23(1645).

422. Geranium divaricatum

423. Geranium lucidum L.

(*, a, o fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(10).

424. Geranium tuberosum L.

(*, a, c, fl, fr, M, I, S, T): 23(1099), 23(1125).

 (*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(902), 23(1842), 23(2192).

34. HYPERICACEAE

425. Hypericum amlysepalum

(p, r, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(1720).

426. Hypericum perfolatum L.

(p, c, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(2030).

427. Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra.

(p, f, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(815), 22(1089), 23(1982).

35. IRIDACEAE

428. Crocus biflorus Mill. & Gard.

(**, p, r, hr, fl; M, I, T): 22(164).

429. Gladiolus italicus Mill. & Gard.

(*, p, c, hr, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(689).

430. Moraea sisyrinchium Ker Gawl.

(*, p, c, hr, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(45), 23(110), 23(143), 23(237), 23(525), 23(763), 23(842), 23(1139).

431. Iris aucheri (Bak.)

(*, p, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(1094).

432. Iris postii Mouterde & Nouv.

(**, p, c, hr, fl, fr; M, S): 23(109).

36. IXIOLIORIACEAE

433. Ixilirion tataricum Herb

(p, c, fl; M, I, S, T) 23(403), 23(443), 23(497), 23(765).

37. JUNCACEAE

434. Juncus acutus L.

(**, p, o, hr, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(473), 23(1812), 23(2222).

435. Juncus bufonius L.

(*, P, c, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1373), 23(1544).

436. Juncus hybridus Brot.

(a, o, hr, fl, fr; M, I, T): 22(913), 22(995), 23(1393), 123(1740).

437. Juncus rigidida Desf.

(**, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(887), 23(2040).

38. LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE)

438. Ajuga zakhoensis Rech. F.

(**, a, r, fl; M, I): 22(797), 23(1665).

439. Lallemantia iberica Fisch. & A.C. Mey

(*, a, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(637).

440. Lamium amplexicaule L.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(138), 22(297), 23(1101), 23(1130), 23(1208).

441. Marrubium parviflorum Fisch. & May.

(*, p, vr, fl; M, I, T): 22(395), 23(757).

442. Marrubium vulgare L.

(**, p, r, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(573).

443. Mentha longifolia L. subsp. typhoides (Briq.) Harley.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(906), 22(957), 22(992), 22(1068), 23(2238).

444. Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata

(**, p, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(425), 22(1023), 23(1923), 23(2038), 23(2184)

445. Micromeria myrtifolia Boiss. & Hohen.

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(141), 21(224), 21(322), 22(556), 23(1683), 23(2144).

446. Nepeta humilis Benth.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, T): 23(2011).

 447. Nepeta nuda L. subsp. albiflora (Boiss.) Gams.

(*, p, f, fl; M, S, T): 23(1664).

 448. Nepeta sp.

(*, p, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(2165).

449. Ocimum basilicum L.

(**, a, f, fr, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(1006)

 450. Phlomis armenica Willd.

(*, p, vr, fl, fr; M, I, T): 23(1314).

 451. Phlomis bruguieri Desf.

(p, r, fl, fr; M, I, T): 22(812), 23(1255), 23(1524), 23(1736), 23(1968), 23(2001).

452. Phlomis kurdica Rech. F.

(*, p, r, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(796).

 453. Phlomis linearis Boiss. & Balansa

 454. Phlomis rigida Labill.

(*, p, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(2174).

455. Phlomis sp.

(*, p, r, veg; M, I): 23(1209).

 456. Phlomoides laciniata (L.) Kamelin & Makhm.

(*, p, r, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(161).

457. Salvia ceratophylla L.

(**, b, r, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(108), 23(755), 23(1441).

 458. Salvia compressa Vent.

(p, c, fl, fr; M, I, T): 21(94), 22(109), 22(143), 22(287), 22(422), 22(574), 23(448), 23(449), 23(920), 23(947), 23(1065), 23(1315), 23(1442), 23(1649).

Other collections: Darbandikhan, Barkley & Shehbaz 7701 (BUA).

459. Salvia indica L.

(*, p, f, fl; M, I, T):  21(166), 23(1100), 23(1610).

460. Salvia multicaulis Vahl.

(*, p, r, fl, fr, M, I, S, T): 23(799), 23(860).

561.. Salvia palaestina Benth.

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, T): 21(31), 21(63), 21(93), 21(219), 21(240), 22(241), 22(287), 22(518), 22(667), 22(813), 23(308), 23(371), 23(502), 23(638), 23(756), 23(859), 23(1063), 23(1167).

 462. Salvia poculata Nab.

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, T): 23(272), 23(948).

 463. Salvia spinose L.

(*, p, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(108), 23(394), 22(421), 22(490), 23(503).

 464. Salvia viridis L.

(a, r, fl, fr; M, I, S): 23(1064), 23(1256).

 465. Stachys cretica L.

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2153).

466. Teucrium polium L.

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(29), 21(315), 23(314), 23(811), 23(1), 23(450), 23(921), 23(1066), 23(1254), 23(1302), 23(1360), 23(1360), 23(1443), 23(1663), 23(1762), 23(2008), 23(2244), 24(20).

467. Teucrium oliverianum Ging. & Benth.

(**, p, o, fl; M, I, S): 24(65).

 468. Thymbra spicata L. subsp. spicata

(*, p, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(1734), 23(2081).

469. Vitex agnus-castus L.

 (*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(286), 22(755), 22(870), 22(1005), 22(1021), 22(1107), 23(1822), 23(1897), 23(1925), 23(2039), 23(2218).

 470. Vitex negundo L.

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2241).

 471. Ziziphora capitata L.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1129)

40. LILIACEAE

472. Notholirion koeiei Rech.f.             

Other: Khanaqin, Graham 585 (BM).

473. Tulipa systola Stapf

(p, c, hr collections, fl; M, I, T): 22(53), 23(106), 23(732), 23(862), 23(1091), 23(1112).

474. Gagea reticulate (Pall) J. A. & J. H. Schultes.

(*, p, c, hr, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(178), 23(80), 23(107)

41. LINACEAE

475. Linum strictum L.

(**, a, vr, hr, fl, fr; M, I, T): 21(151).

42. LYTHRACEAE

476. Ammannia baccifera L.

(**, p, o, fl; M, I, T): 21(423).

477.  Ammannia verticillata (Ard.) Lam.

(*, a, o, M, I, T): 21(443), 23(2194), 23(2247).

478. Lythrum hyssopifolia L.

(*, a, c, M, I, S, T): 23(1979).

479. Lythrum salicaria L.

(*, p, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(958), 23(1948), 23(2229).

480. Lythrum silenoides Boiss. & Noë

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I): 22(903), 23(1947), 23(2063), 23(2227).

481. Lythrum tribracteatum Spreng.

(**, a, vr, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(1007).

482. Punica granatum L.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2033), 24(17), 24(49).

42. MALVACEAE

483.  Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet subsp. Indicum

(**, p, vr, M): 23(1363).

484. Alcea arbelensis Boiss. & Hausskn.

(*, p, o, fl; M, I): 22(587).

485. Alcea peduncularis Boiss. & Hausskn.

(*, p, r, fl, fr; M, I): 22(660), 22(698).

486. Alcea sulphurea (Boiss. & Hohen.) Alef.

(p, o, fl, fr; M, I): 22(963), 23(1518).

487. Alcea sp.

(p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(328), 22(541), 22(542), 22(617), 22(719), 22(745), 23(1709), 23(1747), 23(2137).

488 Malva hirsuta (L.) F.W.Schultz

(*, a, fl, M, I, S, T): 22(230).

489. Glossostemon bruguieri Desf.

(p, o, fl; M, I): 24(62).

490. Malva aegyptia L.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(264), 23(347).

491. Malva neglecta Wallr.

(*, a, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(428), 22(521), 22(783), 23(162), 23(348), 23(541), 23(931).

 492. Malva nicaeensis All.

(*, a, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(195), 21(201), 21(256), 21(266), 22(7), 22(42), 22(261), 22(393), 22(471), 22(618), 23(3), 23(238), 23(263), 23(378), 23(263), 23(378), 23(444), 23(522), 23(630), 23(719), 23(1062), 23(1255), 23(1305), 23(1542), 23(2311).

44. MARTYNIACEAE

493. Ibicella lutea (Lindl.) van Eselt

(a, o, hr, fl, fr): 22(1106), 22(1110), 23(2200).

45. MORACEAE

494. Ficus Carica L. var. carica

(**, p, o, tr, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2240), 24(29).

495. Ficus carica subsp. ruppestris (Hausskn. & Boiss.) Browicz

(*, p, c, tr, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2146), 24(50).

496. Ficus carica L.

(**, p, vr, fr; M, I, T): 21(145).

497. Morus alba L.

(*, p, c, tr, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2020), 24(12), 24(28).

498. Morus nigra L.

46. MYRTACEAE

499. Eucalyptus citriodora Hook

(**, p, o, frl, fr; M, I, T): 21(297).

47. HYDROCHARITACEAE

500. Najas marina L.            

Other locations: 30 km South of Darbandikhan, Haines sn.

48. NITRARIACEAE

501. Peganum harmala L.

(p, c, fl; M, I, S, T): 21(261), 21(396), 22(323), 22(474), 23(1723).

49. ORCHIDACEAE

502. Anacamptis collina (Banks & Sol. ex Russell) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

(*, p, r, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(861).

503. Ophrys sphegodes Mill.

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1096)

504. Orchis anatolica Boiss. (L.) Rich.

(*, p, f, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(2358).

50. OROBANCHACEAE

505. Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.

(*, a, o, fl, M, I, S, T): 23(243), 23(1276).

506. Orobanche ramose L.

(*, a, o; M, I, S, T): 22(545).

51. PAPAVERACEAE

507. Fumaria asepala Boiss

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(24), 23(21), 23(47), 23(128), ), 23(197), 23(364), 23(641), 23(711).

508. Fumaria parviflora Lam.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, S, T): 21(86), 22(85), 22(216), 22(243), 22(483), 23(933), 23(1223), 23(1280), 23(1293), 23(1370), 23(1419), 23(1449), 23(1509), 23(1545), 23(1772).

509. Fumaria vaillantii Loisel.

(*, a, r, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(234), 23(427), 23(501), 23(537), 23(1859).

510. Glaucium grandiflorum Boiss. & A.Huet

(**, p, vr, fl, fr; M, I, T): 23(104), 23(377), 23(538), 23(713), 23(775).

511. Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Curits

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(856), 24(61).

512. Roemeria argemone (L.) C.Morales, R.Mend. & Romero García

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(376), 23(539).

513. Papaver rhoeas L.

(*, a, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(2346).

514. Papaver dubium L.

(**, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(267), 23(22).

515. Papaver glaucum Boiss. & Hausskn

(a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(18), 21(57), 22(19), 22(168), 22(408), 22(536), 23(79), 23(642), 23(1028), 23(1224), 23(1322).

516. Papaver macrostomum Boiss. & A. Huet

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(178), 22(77), 22(709), 23(198), 23(321), 23(462), 23(857), 23(958), 23(1055), 23(1381), 23(1448), 23(1508).

 517. Roemeria hybrid (L.) DC.

(*, a, c, fl; M, I, S): 23(712).

51. PARONYCHACAE

 518. Paronychia mesopotamica Chaudhri

(*, p, r, fl; M, S): 22(822), 23(1451), 23(1655), 23(2007).

52. PEDIALACEAE

519. Sesamum indicum L.

(a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2308).

53. PLANTAGINACEAE

520. Plantago afra L.

(*, a, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T) 22(44), 22(123), 23(154), 22(220), 22(245), 22(330), 22(399), 23(62), 23(96), 23(178), 23(208), 23(251), 23(323), 23(349), 23(374), 23(452), 23(527), 23(616), 23(693), 23(875), 23(879), 23(944), 23(1186), 23(1352).

521. Plantago amplexicaulis  var. bauphula (Edgew.) Rech.f.

(**, a, o, hr, fl, fr; M, I) 22(16), 22(162).

522. Plantago coronopus subsp. Coronopus

(**, a, vr, hr, fl, fr; M): 23(615), 23(694), 23(1237).

523. Plantago lagopus L.

(*, a, f, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S): 23(64), 23(206), 23(350), 23(373), 23(526), 23(612), 23(878), 23(974), 23(1538).

524. Plantago lanceolata L.

(*, p, f, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(62), 22(125), 22(155), 22(263), 22(331), 22(472), 22(610), 22(712), 22(854), 22(892), 23(136), 23(179), 23(253), 23(432), 23(482), 23(580), 23(715), 23(874),  23(1041), 23(1185), 23(1235), 23(1345), 23(1425), 23(1453), 23(1510), 23(1810), 23(1873).

525. Plantago loeflingii L.

(**, a, f, hr, fl, fr; M, I, T): 23(692).

526. Plantago ovata Forssk.

(*, a, c, hr, fl, fr; M, S, T): 23(135), 23(180), 23(252), 23(352), 23(375), 23(451), 23(613), 23(691), 23(1040), 23(1361).

527. Plantago tenuiflora Waldst.

(*, a, vr, hr, fl, fr; M, I): 23(1976).

54. PLATANACEAE

528. Platanus orientalis L.

(p, o; M, I, S, T): 22(885).

55. POACEAE

529. Aegilosps caudata L.

(*, a, vr, fr; M, I, S, T):  22(66), 23(1394), 23(1751).

530. Aegilops columnaris Zhuk.

(*, a, vr, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1195), 23(1196), 23(1666).

531. Aegilops crassa Boiss. & Hohen.

(**, a, f, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(254), 23(299).

532. Aegilops neglecta Req. ex Bertol. subsp. neglecta

(*, a, vr, fr: M, I, S, T): 22(592), 22(671), 22(728), 23(1148).

533. Aegilops triaristata Willd.

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(648).

534. Aegilops triuncialis L.

(a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(142), 21(328), 22(576), 22(668), 22(729), 23(812), 23(1080), 23(1147), 23(1219), 23(1558), 23(1750).

535. Agrostis mediterranea Röser & Tkach

(*, a, r, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(203), 22(441), 22(600), 23(1006).

536. Agrostis alopecuroides Lam.

(**, p, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(492), 22(674), 22(730), 23(901),23(1341), 23(1391).

537. Agrostis viridis Gouan subsp. viridis

(**, a, r, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1001).

538. Arundo donax L.

(**, p, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(1039), 22(1093), 23(2189).

539. Avena barbata Pott ex Link

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(72), 21(75), 21(153), 21(197), 21(228), 21(306), 21(369), 22(37), 22(204), 22(250), 22(342), 22(369), 22(494), 22(510), 22(604), 22(672), 23(300), 23(380), 23(560), 23(665), 23(937), 23(1082), 23(1217), 23(1355), 23(1432), 23(1504), 23(1634),

540. Avena barbata Pott ex Link subsp. hirtula (Lag.) Tzvelev.

(*, a, vr, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(138), 23(425), 23(782), 23(1002).

 541. Avena barbata Pott & Link. subsp. wiestii (Steud.) Mansf.

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(257), 22(139), 23(188), 23(446), 22(580), 22(751), 23(201), 23(495), 23(903), 23(1306), 23(1554), 231741), 23(1828).

 542. Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P.Beauv

(*, p, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(129), 21(272), 22(100), 22(153), 22(156), 22(202), 22(290), 22(364), 22(497), 22(512), 23(26), 23(203), 23(304), 23(386), 23(426), 23(493), 23(562), 23(810), 23(902), 23(942), 23(998), 23(1212), 23(1339), 23(1461).

 543. Bromus danthoniae Trin. var. danthoniae

(a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(254), 23(338), 23(707), 23(1635), 24(79).

 544. Bromus danthoniae Trin. subsp. lanuginosus Rozhev.

(a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(135), 22(731), 23(877), 23(1029).

 545. Bromus danthoniae Trin. var. danthoniae X Bromus danthoniae Trin. subsp. lanuginosus Rozhev.

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(343), 23(1220).

546. Bromus diandrus Roth.

(*, a, vr, fr; M, I, S): 21(186), 21(199), 22(579), 22(649).

 547. Bromus lanceolatus Roth. var. lanuginosus (Poir.) Dinsm.

(*, a, o, fr; M, S, T): 22(575), 23(436), 23(1078).

 548. Bromus madritensis L.

(*, a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(20), 21(21), 21(33), 21(44), 21(112), 21(222), 21(243), 22(3), 22(40), 22(69), 22(86), 22(112), 22(122), 22(157), 22(189), 22(198), 22(252), 22(361), 22(425), 22(498), 22(499), 23(23), 23(28), 23(75), 23(155), 23(260), 23(296), 23(333), 23(383), 23(430), 23(629), 23(659), 23(706), 23(780), 23(864), 23(900), 23(1005), 23(1036), 23(1083).

 549. Bromus rubens L. subsp. rubens

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(439), 23(704), 23(1301).

 550. Bromus scoparius L.

(*, a, f, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(577), 22(646), 23(470), 23(1004), 23(1557), 23(1633).

 551. Bromus squarrosus L.

(**, a, vr, fr, M, I, S, T): 22(644).

 552. Bromus tectorum L.

(*, a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(164), 21(177), 22(51), 22(645), 23(154), 23(621), 23(1136), 23(1150).

553. Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone

(**, a, f, fr; M, I, T): 22(1034), 22(1073).

554. Chloris virgata SW.

(**, a, r, fr; M, I): 22(1061).

 555. Cymbopogon jwarancusa subsp. olivieri (Boiss.) Soenarko

(p, o, fr; M, I): 24(82).

 556. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon

(p, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(270), 22(424), 22(496), 22(752), 23(1847), 23(2292).

557.  Dactyloctenium aegyptiacum (L.) Willd

(**, a, o, fr; M, I, T): 22(1063).

 558. Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf.

(*, p, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(447), 22(602), 23(1795).

559.  Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1956).

  560. Echinaria capitata (L.) Desf.

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(640).

 561. Echinochloa colonum (L) Link.

(a, o, fr; M, In, S, T): 21(424), 21(429), 22(1035), 22(1072), 22(1092), 22(848), 22(917), 22(929), 22(973), 22(999), 23(1390), 23(1556), 23(1594), 23(1760), 23(1793), 23(1829), 23(1846), 23(1874), 23(1884), 23(1920), 23(1970).

 562. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. sups. Brevistea (Doel). Neilr.

(**, p, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 3(2255).

 563. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. sups. Crusgalli

(*, a & p, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(998), 22(1091), 23(2047, 23(2248).

 564. Enneapogon persicus Boiss.       

Other collections: 3 km West Darbandikhan, Jaf & Springfield 16343 (BAG).

 565. Eragrostis bariana Launert.

(**, a, vr, fr; I): 23(2284).

 566. Eragrostis barrelieri Dav.

(**, a, vr, fr; M, I, S): 21(443), 22(1038).

 567. Eragrostis diarrhena (Schult.) Steud.          

Other collections: Darbandikhan, Agnew & al 1855 (K).

 568. Eragrostis minor Host.

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2044).

 569. Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P.Beauv.

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, T): 23(2202)

 570. Festuca myuros L.

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(624), 23(1034), 23(1210).

571. Hemarthria compressa (L. f.) R.Br.

Other collections: Darbandikhan, Agnew & al1844 (K).

572. Henrardia pubescens (Bertol.) C.E. Hubbard              

Other collections: Kifri anon sn             (BAG).

573. Heteranthelum piliferum (Banks & Sol.) Hochst. & Jaub. & Spach

(a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(34), 22(578), 22(582), 23(385), 23(940), 23(1194), 23(1631).

 574. Hordeum bulbosum L.

(*, p, f, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(189), 22(539), 22(581), 22(727), 23(1668).

 575. Hordeum distichon L.

(a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(344), 23(381), 23(663).

 576. Hordeum geniclatum All.

(*, a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(77), 23(1463).

 577. Hordeum glaucum Steud.

(a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(23), 21(71), 21(136), 21(251), 22(5), 22(41), 22(113), 22(190), 22(247), 22(347), 22(371), 22(507), 22(711), 23(27), 23(101), 23(150), 23(297), 23(332), 23(382), 23(456), 23(563), 23(626), 23(702), 23(811), 23(931), 23(996), 23(1032), 23(1215), 23(1347).

 578. Hordeum spontaneum Koch.

(*, a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(64), 21(106), 21(291), 22(39), 22(291), 22(370), 22(444), 22(500), 22(599), 22(642), 22(673), 22(798), 23(153), 23(298), 23(336), 23(781), 23(899), 23(1081), 23(1102), 23(1149), 23(1389), 23(1669).

 579. Hordeum vulgare L.

(**, a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(70), 22(52), 23(1433).

 580. Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.

(*, p, c, fr; M, I, T): 22(200), 22(440), 23(471).

 581. Lolium subulatum Vis.

(**, a, vr, fr; M, S, T): 21(273).

 582. Lolium multiflorum Lam.

(**, a, r, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(19), 22(71), 22(726), 23(708), 23(1349).

 583. Lolium persicum Boiss. & Hohen. ex Boiss.

(a, r, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1218).

 584. Lolium rigidum Gaudin.

(*, a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(73), 22(6), 22(199), 22(251), 22(345), 22(439), 22(509), 23(29), 23(204), 23(257), 23(301), 23(335), 23(467), 23(491), 23(532), 23(561), 23(628), 23(664), 23(865), 23(905), 23(943), 23(999), 23(1033), 23(1294), 23(1435), 23(1465), 23(1593), 23(1759).

 585. Melica jacquemontii Decne.

(*, p, o, f; M, I, S, T): 23(1724), 24(58).

 586. Nardurus maritimus (L.) Murb.  

Other collections:  North East of Darbandikhan, Poore 574  (K).

 587. Oryza sativa L.

(a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2235).

 588. Phalaris Brachystachys link.

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(346), 22(511), 23(384), 23(1503).

589.  Phalaris minor Retz.

(*, a, c, fr; M, I, T): 21(271), 21(400), 22(137), 22(289), 22(495), 23(142), 23(156), 23(202), 23(441), 23(573), 23(623), 23(938), 23(1000), 23(1216), 23(1434).

 590. Phalaris paradoxa L.

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(363), 22(442), 23(255), 23(331), 23(1595).

 591. Phalaris tuberosa L.

(**, p, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(725).

 592. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.

(**, p, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2221), 23(2249), 23(2264).

 593. Poa bulbosa L.

(*, p, f, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(620), 23(705), 23(783), 23(1035), 23(1193).

 594. Poa siniaca Steud.

(*, p, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(256), 23(695), 23(1103).

 596. Psilurus incurvus (Gouan) Schinz               

Other collections: Khanaqin, Cowan & Darington 213 b.

596. Rostraria cristata (L.) Tazvelev

(*, a, o, M, I, S, T): 21(254). 22(242), 23(709), 23(1211).

597. Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell

(**, a, o, fr; M, I, T):23(387), 23(494), 23(1372).

598. Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv.

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(972), 22(1062), 23(1794).

599. Sphenopus divaricatus (Gouan) Rchb.         

Other collections: Khanaqin, Rechinger 14132.

 600. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

(*, a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(879).

 601. Sorghum halepense (L.) Per

(*, p, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(370), 21(426), 22(362), 22(426), 22(493), 22(603), 22(753), 22(855), 22(928), 22(974), 22(847), 22(1000), 22(1037), 23(1592), 23(1792), 23(1827), 23(1921), 23(2291).

 602. Sorghum × drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) Millsp. & Chase

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(239), 23(1841), 23(1875), 23(2232).

 603. Stipa barbata Desf.

(*, p, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2275), 24(78).

 604. Stipa dregeana Steud.

(*, a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(35), 21(75), 21(242), 22(38), 22(72), 22(111), 22(152), 22(158), 22(367), 22(427), 23(25), 23(44), 23(76), 23(102), 23(129), 23(152), 23(258), 23(337), 23(379), 23(431), 23(559), 23(625), 23(701), 23(863), 23(904), 23(939), 23(1031), 23(1214), 23(1376).

 605. Stipa lagascae Roem. & Schult.

(*, p, vr, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2014), 23(2088).

606. Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski var. asperum (Simonk.) A. Pujadas

(*, a, o, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(66), 21(174), 21(329), 22(643), 23(1637), 23(1667), 23(1713).

 607. Tripidium ravennae (L.) H. Scholz

(**, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2180), 23(2212), 23(2304).

 608. Triticum aestivum L.

(*, a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(193), 22(508), 23(700), 23(997), 23(1079), 23(1216), 23(1464).

 609. Triticum boeticum Boiss.

(*, a, r, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(74), 21(330), 22(641).

 610. Triticum durum Desf.

(*, a, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(292), 22(372), 23(151), 23(627), 23(1367).

 611. Vulpia persica (Boiss. & Buhse) V.I. Krecz. & Bobrov

(*, a, vr, fr; M, I): 23(367).

 612. Vulpia hirtiglumis Boiss. & Hausskn. Zea mays

(*, a, r, fr; M, T): 22(257).

59.. POLYGONACEAE

613. Persicaria maculosa Gray

(**, a, vr, hr, fl, fr; M, I, T): 21(428), 22(145), 22(1032), 22(1105), 23(1807), 23(1824), 23(1930), 23(1974), 23(2050), 23(2179), 23(2236).

614. Polygonum aviculare L.

(*, p, f, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(236), 21(301), 21(402), 22(516), 22(760), 22(989), 22(1042), 22(1046), 22(1065), 22(1104), 23(429), 23(1281), 23(1452), 23(1521), 23(1576), 23(1603), 23(1775), 23(1844), 23(1901), 23(1929), 23(2070), 23(2109),

615. Polygonum argyrocoleum Steud. And Kunze

(*, a, o, hr, fl, fr; M, I): 23(2172),23(2290).

616. Pteropyrum aucheri Jaub.

(p, f, shr, fl, fr; M, I): 23(2003), 23(2213), 23(2271).

617. Pteropyrum naufelum AL-Khayat and Nordic.

(**, p, r, shr, fl, fr; M, I): 23(2252).

618. Rumex dentatus subs. Mesopotamicus Rech. F.

(a, c, hr, fr; M, I, S): 21(382), 22(606), 22(994), 22(1047), 23(10009), 23(1522), 23(1577), 23(1602), 23(1790), 23(1857), 23(1885), 23(1918), 23(1945), 23(1954).

619. Rumex cyprius Murb.

(*, a, o, hr, fr; M, I, S): 23(13), 23(421), 23(636), 23(801), 23(820), 23(1060), 23(1311), 23(1421).

620. Rumex pulcher subsp. Anodontus Hawsskn.

(*, b, c, hr, fr; M, I, S): 21(362), 22(411), 22(456), 22(538), 22(697), 23(929), 22(1978).

621. Rumex tuberosus subsp. Horizontalis C. (Koch) Rech. F.

60. PORTULACACEAE

622. Portulaca grandiflora Hook., Bot. & Mag.

(**, a, vr, fl, fr; M, T); 22(1051).

623. Portulaca oleracea L.

(*, a, o, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(784), 22(850), 22(858), 22(889), 22(934), 22(982), 22(1031), 23(1856), 23(1890), 23(1902), 23(2206), 23(2256).

61. POTAMOGETONACEAE

624. Potamogeton nodosus Poir.

(*, p, o, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(960), 22(1040), 23(2051).

62. PRIMULACEAE

625. Anagallis arvensis L.

(a, f, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(59), 21(339),  22(47), 22(217), 22(265), 22(310), 22(409), 22(448), 22(484), 22(609), 22(706), 22(776), 22(891), 23(38), 23(61), 23(111), 23(130), 23(173), 23(200), 23(249), 23(310), 23(365), 23(420), 23(458), 23(485), 23(496), 23(536), 23(632), 23(722), 23(804), 23(962), 23(994), 23(1174), 23(1222), 23(1374), 23(1398), 23(1581), 23(1758), 23(1851), 23(1898), 23(1946).

626. Dionysia bornmuelleri (Pax) Clay.

(**, p, vr, sh, fl, fr; M, I): 21(11).

627. Dionysia odora Fenzl.

(*, p, vr, sh, fr; M): 22(1088).

63. PTERIDACEAE

628. Adiantum capillus-veneris L.

(*, p, c; M, I, S, T): 21(1), 21(167).

629. Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link

Other collections: East of Darbandikhan, Barkley & Haddad 7756 (BUA).

64. RANUNCULACEAE

630. Adonis dentata Delile

(a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(46), 22(100), 22(293), 23(161), 23(236), 23(277), 23(353), 23(369), 23(499), 23(556), 23(753), 23(870), 23(930), 23(963), 23(1126), 23(3241).

631. Delphinium flavum DC.

(a, o, fl; M, I, S): 22(699).

632. Delphinium peregrinum L.

(*, a, r, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(799), 23(2092), 23(2116).

633. Nigella oxypetala Boiss.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1684), 23(2115).

634. Ranunculus asiaticus L.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(2), 23(235), 23(246), 23(363), 23(500), 23(640), 23(710), 23(776), 23(876), 23(914).

635. Ranunculus chius DC.

(*, a, o, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(410), 22(627).

636. Ranunculus millefolius Banks & Sol.          

Other collections: 4 km North Darbandikhan, Barkley & Haddad 7460, 33244, (BUA, K).

637. Ranunculus oxyspermus Willd.

(*, p, f, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(1090), 23(1127).

65. RESEDACEAE

638. Reseda alba L.

(*, p, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(267).

639. Reseda aucheri Boiss.   

Other collections: Naft Khana, Guest 1851 (K).

640. Reseda lutea L.

(**, a or b, vr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(420), 23(329), 23(388),  23(760), 23(1059), 23(1321), 23)(2273),.

65. RHAMNACEAE

641. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn.

(p, c, fr, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(1109).

642. Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.

(p, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(101).

643. Paliurus spina-christi Mill.

(p, f, fl, fr: M, I, S, T): 23(2016).

66. ROSACEAE

644. Crataegus azarolus L

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(160), 21(454), 21(883), 23(2087), 23(2160).

645. Rhaphiolepis bibas (Lour.) Galasso & Banfi

(*, p, o, fr, M, I, S, T): 24(35).

646. Geum urbanum L.

(*, p, o, fl; M, I, T): 21(202).

647. Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh.

(**, p, r, fr; M, I, S, T): 24(32).

648. Malus sylvestris Mill.

(**, p, a, fr; M, I, S, T): 24(37).

649. Poterium lasiocarpum Boiss & Hausskn

(*, p, f, fl, fr; M, I): 21(214), 22(543), 22(681), 22(747), 23(754), 23(2028), 23(2093).

650. Prunus arabica (Oliv.) Meikle

(*, p, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(122), 2(317), 23(797), 23(1327), 23(2274), 24(6).

651. Prunus argentea (Lam.) Rehd. var. argentea

(*, p, f, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2349).

652. Prunus armeniaca L.

(p, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 24(34).

653. Prunus microcarpa C. A. Mey var. pubescens (Bornm) Meikle

(*, p, f, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(109), 21(255), 23(2348), 24(43).

 654. Prunus persica (L.) Stokes

(p, f, fr; M, I, S, T): 24(33).

 655. Rosa ×damascena Mill.

(p, c, fl; M, I, S, T): 24(36).

656. Rubus sanctus Scherb.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, In, S, T): 21(338), 21(384), 22(522), 22(882), 22(907), 22(993), 22(1014), 23(1808), 23(2062).

67. RUBIACEAE

657. Asperula sp

(**, a, r, fr; M): 23(2015), 23(2296).

658. Callipeltis cucularis (L.) Rothm.

(*, a, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(113), 21(146), 21(321), 22(588), 22(636), 22(795), 23(1702), 23(2269).

659. Callipeltis factorovskyi (Eig) Ehrend.

(**, a, vr, fl, fr; M, I): 23(1313).

660. Callipeltis microstegia Boiss.

(*, a, f, fl, fr; M, I): 23(394).

661. Galium ceratopodum Boiss.

(a, o, fr, M, I): 21(116), 21(155), 23(871).

662. Galium setaceum Lam.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(285), 22(631), 22(801), 23(261), 23(633), 23(806), 23(1188), 23(1312), 23(1400), 23(1458), 23(1703).

663. Galium spurium L.

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(200), 22(163), 22(505), 23(217).

664. Galium tricornutum Dandy

(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, T): 22-(234), 22(259), 22(405), 22(449), 22(486), 22(779), 23(393), 23-(585), 23(668), 23(1241), 23(1343), 23(1427), 23(1515), 23(1539).

665.Mericarpaea ciliata (Banks et Sol.) Eig.

(***, a, vr, fr; M, S): 22(329), 23(884), 23(1058), 23(1277).

666. Sherardia arvensis L.

(*, a, c, fl; M, I, S, T): 23(2350).

667. Theligonum cynocrambe L.  

Other collections: Darbandikhan, Barkley 7751 (BUA).

68. RUTACEAE

668.  Haplophyllum tuberculatum Forssk.

(p, o, hr, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(83), 21(281), 22(300), 22(238), 23(262), 22(316), 22(423), 23(758), 23(945), 23(1039), 23(1226), 23(1328), 23(1356), 23(2404), 23(1446), 23(1627), 23(1697).

669. Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck

(p, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 24(27).

670. Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.

(*, p, f, fr; M, I, S, T):

671. Citrus aurantium L.

(p, c, fr; M, I, S, T): 24(24).

69. SALICACEAE

672. Populus euphratica oliv.

(p, c, tr, fl; M, I, S, T): 21(119), 22(165), 22(528), 23(1944), 23(2032), 23(2278.

673. Salix acmophylla Boiss.

(p, c, tr, fl; M, I, S, T): 22(1044), 23(1044), 23(1953), 23(1975).

674. Salix aegyptiaca L.

(*, p, o, tr, fl; M, I, T): 22(996), 22(1045), 23(2297).

675. Salix triandra L. bornmuelleri (Hausskn.)

(*, p, r, fl; M, I, T): 22(954), 23(2034), 23(2059), 23(2242).

70. SAPINDACEAE

676. Dodonaea viscosa (L.) subsp. angustifolia (L.f.) J.G. West

(*, p, o, M, I, S): 24(6).

71. SCROHULARIACEAE

677. Scrophularia azerbaijanica Grau

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, T): 21(127), 23(92), 23(255), 23(824), 23(1017), 23(1320), 23(1450), 23(2006).

678. Scrophularia deserti Delile

(*, p, o, fr; M, I, S): 23(1961), 23(2233), 23(2262).

679. Scrophularia hypericifolia Wydler

(**, p, r, fr; M, S): 23(427), 23(777), 23(1154).

680. Scrophularia pruinosa Boiss.

(*, p, f, fr; M, I, T): 21(4), 23(1190), 23(1705), 23(1973).

681. Verbascum alceoides Boiss. & Hausskn.

(*, p, f, fl, fr; M, I): 21(95), 22(170), 22(294), 23(778), 23(1189), 23(1505), 23(1696), 23(2078).

682. Verbascum assurense Bornm. & Hand. -Mazz.

(**, p, o, fl; M, I, S): 22(228), 23(1238).

683. Verbascum calvum Boiss. & Kotschy

(*, p, vr, fl; M, T): 23(2154).

684. Verbascum carduochorum Bornm.

(*, p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(228), 22(780), 22(965), 22(1081), 24(89).

685. Verbascum pseudodigitalis Nábelek var. phoenicandrum

(**, p, o, fl; M, I): 23(1763).

 686. Verbascum racemiferum Boiss. & Hausskn.

(**, p, r, fl; M, T): 22(919)

72. SOLANACEAE

687. Datura innoxia Mill.

(**, p, f fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1952), 23(1896), 23(2267).

688. Datura stramonium L.

Other collections: Darbandikhan, Haines sn.

689. Hyoscyamus leptocalyx Stapf.

(**, p, r, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2168).

690. Hyoscyamus niger L.

(*, a or b, o, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(1257).

691. Hyoscyamus reticulatus L.

(*, b, r, fl, fr; M, I, T); 21(359), 22(397), 23(49), 23(271).

692. Lycium shawii Roemer & Schultes

(*, p, o, fl, fr; M, I, T): 22(341).

693. Lycopersicon esculentum Miller

(a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 23(2226).

694. Physalis alkekengi L.

(*, a, r, fl, fr; M, I, T): 21(406), 21(420), 22(773), 22(838), 22(1010), 22(1026), 22(1049), 22(1064), 22(1094), 23(1776), 23(1835), 23(1862), 23(1892), 23(2293)

695. Physalis divericata D. Don

(*, a, f, fl, fr; M, I, T): 22(932), 22(970), 22(1025), 22(1543), 23(1596), 23(1777), 23(1781), 23(1893), 23(1916), 23(1971), 23(2198), 23(2234).

696. Solanum alatum Moench              

Other collections: Darbandikhan Zebar 9272

697. Solanum luteum Miller(*, a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(238), 23(53), 23(2282).

(p, b, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 24 (68).

 698. Solanum nigrum L.

(*, a, o, fl, fr; M, I, T): 22(607), 22(774), 22(874), 22(964), 22(1048), 23(1788), 23(1803), 23(1826), 23(1861), 23(1927), 23(2022).

 699. Solanum sp.

(*, a, o, fr; M): 21(172), 22(554

73. TAMARICACEAE

700. Tamarix macrocarpa (Ehrenb.) Bunge

(**, p, o, fl; M, I, S): 23(1922).

701. Tamarix kotschyi Bunge

(**, p, vr, fl; M, I): 23(2056).

702. Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.

(**, p, c, fl; M, I): 21(173), 22(179), 23(208), 22(332), 22(959), 23(1010), 23(1695), 23(2188).

74. THYMELAEACEAE

703. Dendrostellera lessertii (Wikstr.) van Tiegh.

Other collections: Jabal Hamrin, Bornmueller 1785

75.TYPHACEAE

704. Typha domingensis Pers.

(*p, c, fr; M, I, S, T) 22(175), 22(598), 22(979), 22(1028), 22(1071), 23(1949), 23(1959), 23(2061), 23(2177), 23(2239).

705. Typha lugdunensis Chab. ex Ser. 

Other collections: Darbandikhan, Barkley 5213 (BUA, K).

76.URTICACEAE

706. Urtica pilulifera L.

(a, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(547), 23(1142).

707. Parietaria iudaica L.

(p, c, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 21(154), 21(227), 22(546), 23(1986).

77. VAHLIACEAE

708. Vahlia weldenii Rchb.   

Other collections: Jabal Hamrin, Sutherland 286.

78. VITACEAE

709. Vitis vinifera L.

(*, p, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 24(31).

79. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE

710. Zygophyllum fabago L. 

Other collection: Jabal Hamrin, Sutherland 210 (BM).

711. Fagonia olivieri              DC.        

Other collections: Jabal Hamrin, Evans 140.

712. Tribullus terrestris L.

(a, f, fl, fr; M, I, S, T): 22(761), 22(971), 22(1020), 22(1076), 23(1455), 23(1580), 23(2591), 23(1756), 23(2069), 23(2201), 23(2299).

Acknowledgment

We are grateful to Dr. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz (MO) for this supervision, advice and help throughout this study. I sincerely thank the University of Garmian and Sulaimani University, and the Faculty of Agriculture Engineering Sciences. The Support and affiliation of the American University in Iraq, Sulaimani (AUIS) and Kurdistan Botanical Foundation (KBF) are greatly appreciated.

 

Author Contributions

A H. H. and S. A. A. contributed to the concept and design of the work and drafted the manuscript. The authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

 Funding

Not applicable

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Figure 5: a. Smyrnium cordifolium Boiss., b. Scorzonera phaeopappa Boiss., c: Jurinea carduiformis (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., d. Pteropyrum aucheri Jaub. & Spach, e. Lthyrus inconspicuus L., f. Hyoscyamus leptocalyx Stapf.

 

 

 

Figure6:  a.  Allium stramenium, b. Biaram bovei Blume, c. Leontice leontopetalum L., d. Onosma alborosea Fisch. & C.A. Mey, e., Helianthemum ledifolium subsp. lasiocarpum (Willk.) Rech. f. Potamogeton nodosus Poir.

                                                                                                                                                                                 

 

 

Figure7: a: Echinops fraudator C.C. Towns, b. Cichorium pumilum Jacq., c. Cephalaria syriaca (L.)  Schard, d. Iris aucheri (Baker) Sealy, e. Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f., f. Ibicella lutea (Lindl.) van Eselt

 

 

Figure 8: a. Anthemis hylina DC., b. Nigella oxypetala Boiss., c. Biscutella didyma L., d. Euphorbia hirta L., e. Rumex tuberosus subsp. Horizontalis C. (Koch) Rech. F., f. Phlomis armeniaca Willd.