Science Journal of University of Zakho https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz <p>SJUOZ is the scientific journal of the University of Zakho with p-ISSN: 2663-628X, e-ISSN: 2663-6298 and DOI: <a href="http://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz">doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz</a>. SJUOZ is an international, multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed, double-blind and open-access journal. It aims to cover broader scientific research activities in the field of biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics and computer sciences. It is also committed in making genuine contributions to the science researches by providing an open access platform.</p> <p><strong>Publication advantages in SJUOZ:</strong></p> <p>1- Free publication charges for international authors.</p> <p>2- Constructive peer-review.</p> <p>3- Open access journal (global visibility). </p> <p>4- Easy online submission.</p> <p>5- Time to first decision 10-20 days.</p> <p>6- Free English language proofreading.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><iframe class="ginger-extension-definitionpopup" style="left: 117.4px; top: -55.6px; z-index: 100001; display: none;" src="chrome-extension://kdfieneakcjfaiglcfcgkidlkmlijjnh/content/popups/definitionPopup/index.html?title=engineering&amp;description=the%20practical%20application%20of%20science%20to%20commerce%20or%20industry"></iframe></p> University of Zakho en-US Science Journal of University of Zakho 2663-628X <h4>Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:</h4> <ul> <li class="show" style="text-align: justify;">Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a>] that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.</li> <li class="show" style="text-align: justify;">Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work, with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.</li> <li class="show" style="text-align: justify;">Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online.</li> </ul> DIETARY TURMERIC (Curcuma longa) ENHANCES GROWTH, ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE, AND IMMUNITY IN Cirrhinus mrigala https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz/article/view/1688 <p>Aquaculture is pivotal in addressing global food security, yet intensive practices compromise fish health and productivity. This study investigated the efficacy of dietary turmeric (<em>Curcuma longa</em>) supplementation as a natural alternative in <em>Cirrhinus mrigala</em>, a species critical to South Asian aquaculture. A 60-day feeding trial evaluated four diets: control (0% turmeric), 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% turmeric inclusion. Results demonstrated that 1.0% turmeric significantly enhanced growth performance, with a 28% increase in final body weight (19.6 ± 1.4 g vs. 15.7 ± 1.1 g in control; p&lt; 0.01) and improved feed conversion ratio (1.4 ± 0.2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.2; p= 0.004). Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx) increased by 34–53%, while lipid peroxidation (MDA) decreased by 29% (p = 0.001), indicating robust oxidative stress mitigation. Immunological assays revealed a 65% rise in lysozyme activity and 70% higher phagocytic capacity (p&lt; 0.01), underscoring turmeric’s immunostimulatory potential. The hepatosomatic index decreased by (1.3 ± 0.2% vs. 1.4 ± 0.2%; p = 0.038), suggesting increased metabolic efficiency. These findings highlight 1.0% turmeric as the optimal dosage, offering a sustainable strategy to augment aquaculture productivity while reducing reliance on antibiotics</p> Ali Hassan Kajeen hassan jasim Nizar J. Hussein Ayesha Shahid Muhammad Owais Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Hassan, Kajeen hassan jasim, Nizar J. Hussein, Ayesha Shahid, Muhammad Owais https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-10-01 2025-10-01 13 4 464 471 10.25271/sjuoz.2025.13.4.1688 HYBRID TECHNIQUE FOR SOFTWARE DEFECT PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz/article/view/1532 <p>Human errors during software development lead to many defects, which emphasizes the importance of early detection and minimization. However, existing approaches often fall short in delivering accurate, scalable, and generalizable predictions due to challenges such as class imbalance, feature extraction limitations, and computational inefficiencies. This study proposes a hybrid method using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNNs) + Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) for feature extraction, addressing class imbalance with Adaptive Synthetic Sampling (ADASYN) and subsequent training using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGboost), to predict software defects. The proposed approach was evaluated on five publicly available datasets (CM1, MC1, KC1, PC1, and PC4) and compared with state-of-the-art (SOTA) models. Experimental results demonstrated that the hybrid model significantly outperforms traditional XGBoost-based models in terms of recall, F1-score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), addressing the shortcomings of existing methods. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, with notable performance metrics achieved across all datasets. For example, on the MC1 dataset, the model attained an accuracy of 0.9980, a precision of 0.9971, a recall of 0.9988, an F1-score of 0.9980, and an AUC-ROC of 0.9999. On the KC1 dataset, it achieved an accuracy of 0.9344, a precision of 0.9265, a recall of 0.9375, an F1-score of 0.9320, and an AUC-ROC of 0.9839. The model achieves better performance than traditional machine learning methods and separate deep learning models, especially in the areas of recall and AUC-ROC. This research presents a robust solution through hybrid approaches that address class imbalance and maintain high predictive accuracy for software development process tasks, offering insights into the trade-offs between machine learning and deep learning methods.</p> Muhammad Jumare Haruna Darius T. Chinyio Martins E. Irhebhude Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Jumare Haruna, Darius T. Chinyio , Martin, E. Irhebhude, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-10-01 2025-10-01 13 4 448 463 10.25271/sjuoz.2025.13.4.1532