INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF PH VALUES ON THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COPPER OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES BY GREEN ASSISTED METHOD USING Origanum vulgar PLANT EXTRACTS
Article Sidebar
-
Copper oxide, Nanoparticle, Green synthesis, Origanum vulgare extract, pH value
Abstract
Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesized using the green method. The extract of the Origanum vulgare (O. vulgare) leaves has been used as a capping and reducing agent of CuO nanoparticles. The influence of pH values in the green growth solution (7.5–10.5) on nanoparticle properties was investigated using various characterization techniques. The obtained results from both optical properties and FTIR analysis confirmed that the O. vulgare plant extract is a highly efficient reducing and stabilizing agent. The UV-Visible spectrum of the O. Vulgare plant extract shows two distinct absorption peaks at 287.439 nm and 324.15 nm at ambient temperature. The FESEM results revealed that the pH of the growth solution significantly affects the morphology, shape, dimensions, and orientation of CuO nanoparticles. The sphere and rod-like nanoparticles were produced as the pH value changed from 7.5 to 10.5, with an average diameter in the range of (16.89-28.50) nm. The obtained results of XRD analysis confirmed that the fabricated CuO nanoparticles have a monoclinic crystal structure with crystalline size in the range of (10.7-17.81) nm. UV–Visible spectra of CuO nanoparticles at different pH values show strong UV absorbance < 300 nm and have band-gap energies in the range of (1.82-1.98) eV. The FTIR analysis of nanoparticles confirmed their purity and suggested that nanoparticles synthesized at pH 10 had improved quality and properties.
Full text article
References
Gebreslassie, Y.T. and F.G. Gebremeskel, Green and cost-effective biofabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles: Exploring antimicrobial and anticancer applications. Biotechnology Reports, 2024. 41: p. e00828.
Liberty, J.T., et al., Harnessing the potential of nanostructured materials for sustainable development. Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects, 2024. 38: p. 101216.
Keles, G., et al., Nanostructured Metal Oxide-Based Electrochemical Biosensors in Medical Diagnosis. Biosensors, 2024. 14(5): p. 238.
Schiopu, A.-G., et al., Tailoring the synthesis method of metal oxide nanoparticles for desired properties. Crystals, 2024. 14(10): p. 899.
Yasin, A., et al., Fabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles using passiflora edulis extract for the estimation of antioxidant potential and photocatalytic methylene blue dye degradation. Agronomy, 2022. 12(10): p. 2315.
Khedr, A.I. and M.H. Ali, Eco-friendly fabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles using peel extract of Citrus aurantium for the efficient degradation of methylene blue dye. Scientific Reports, 2024. 14(1): p. 29156.
Keller, A.A., et al., Comparative environmental fate and toxicity of copper nanomaterials. NanoImpact, 2017. 7: p. 28-40.
Areecheewakul, S., et al., Immunomodulatory effects of subacute inhalation exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles in house dust mite-induced asthma. ACS nano, 2023. 17(15): p. 14586-14603.
Su, Z., et al., Nanostrategy of targeting at embryonic trophoblast cells using CuO nanoparticles for female contraception. ACS nano, 2023. 17(24): p. 25185-25204.
Rajput, V., et al., ZnO and CuO nanoparticles: a threat to soil organisms, plants, and human health. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2020. 42: p. 147-158.
Jiang, M., et al., Copper oxide nanoparticles induce cuproptosis and ferroptosis through mitochondrial concatenation. Environmental Science: Nano, 2024. 11(10): p. 4089-4101.
Atchaya, S. and J. Meena Devi, Experimental Investigation on Structural, Optical, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences, 2024. 94(1): p. 153-160.
Moroda, M.D., et al., Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity. Next Materials, 2025. 7: p. 100337.
Tran, T.H. and V.T. Nguyen, Copper oxide nanomaterials prepared by solution methods, some properties, and potential applications: a brief review. International scholarly research notices, 2014. 2014(1): p. 856592.
Katwal, R., et al., Electrochemical synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2015. 31: p. 173-184.
Yang, M. and J. He, Fine tuning of the morphology of copper oxide nanostructures and their application in ambient degradation of methylene blue. Journal of colloid and interface science, 2011. 355(1): p. 15-22.
Noah, N.M. and P.M. Ndangili, Green synthesis of nanomaterials from sustainable materials for biosensors and drug delivery. Sensors International, 2022. 3: p. 100166.
Aswathi, V.P., et al., Green synthesis of nanoparticles from biodegradable waste extracts and their applications: a critical review. Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering, 2023. 8(2): p. 377-397.
Madani, M., et al., Green synthesis of nanoparticles for varied applications: Green renewable resources and energy-efficient synthetic routes. Nanotechnology Reviews, 2022. 11(1): p. 731-759.
Harish, V., et al., Review on Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Materials: Bioimaging, Biosensing, Drug Delivery, Tissue Engineering, Antimicrobial, and Agro-Food Applications. Nanomaterials, 2022. 12(3): p. 457.
Szczyglewska, P., A. Feliczak-Guzik, and I. Nowak, Nanotechnology–General Aspects: A Chemical Reduction Approach to the Synthesis of Nanoparticles. Molecules, 2023. 28(13): p. 4932.
Ahmed, S., et al., A review on biogenic synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using plant extracts and microbes: A prospect towards green chemistry. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2017. 166: p. 272-284.
Abhimanyu, P., M. Arvind, and N. Kishor, Biosynthesis of CuO Nanoparticles Using Plant Extract as a Precursor: Characterization, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activity. Nano Biomedicine & Engineering, 2023. 15(4).
Nzilu, D.M., et al., Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and its efficiency in degradation of rifampicin antibiotic. Scientific Reports, 2023. 13(1): p. 14030.
Ahmed, S., et al., A review on plants extract mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications: A green expertise. Journal of Advanced Research, 2016. 7(1): p. 17-28.
Mohammadinejad, R., et al., Plant-derived nanostructures: types and applications. Green Chemistry, 2016. 18(1): p. 20-52.
Jeronsia, J.E., et al., Camellia sinensis leaf extract mediated synthesis of copper oxide nanostructures for potential biomedical applications. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2019. 8: p. 214-222.
Priya, M., et al., Green synthesis, characterization, antibacterial, and antifungal activity of copper oxide nanoparticles derived from Morinda citrifolia leaf extract. Scientific Reports, 2023. 13(1): p. 18838.
Heinlaan, M., et al., Toxicity of nanosized and bulk ZnO, CuO and TiO2 to bacteria Vibrio fischeri and crustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus. Chemosphere, 2008. 71(7): p. 1308-1316.
Karam, S.T. and A.F. Abdulrahman. Green synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles by using thyme plant leaf extract. in Photonics. 2022. MDPI.
Narasaiah, P., B.K. Mandal, and N. Sarada. Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles from Drypetes sepiaria leaf extract and their catalytic activity to dye degradation. in IOP conference series: materials science and engineering. 2017. IOP Publishing.
Singh, S., et al., Electrochemical sensing and remediation of 4-nitrophenol using bio-synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017. 313: p. 283-292.
Abdulqudos, A.N. and A.F.F. Abdulrahman, Biosynthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles by using Leaf Extractionof Allium Calocephalum Wendelbow Plant. Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022. 4(2): p. 113-126.
Meretoudi, A., et al., Silver Nanoparticles from Oregano Leaves’ Extracts as Antimicrobial Components for Non-Infected Hydrogel Contact Lenses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021. 22(7): p. 3539.
Masood, M.M. and W.N.J. Al Sieadi, Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine-B Dye in Wastewater and Biological Study Using Licorice Leave-Mediated Copper Oxide Synthesis Prepared by Green Synthesis Method. 2025.
Shahid ul, I., S. Bairagi, and M.R. Kamali, Review on green biomass-synthesized metallic nanoparticles and composites and their photocatalytic water purification applications: Progress and perspectives. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances, 2023. 14: p. 100460.
Veisi, H., et al., Biosynthesis of CuO nanoparticles using aqueous extract of herbal tea (Stachys Lavandulifolia) flowers and evaluation of its catalytic activity. Scientific Reports, 2021. 11(1): p. 1983.
Sukumar, S., A. Rudrasenan, and D. Padmanabhan Nambiar, Green-Synthesized Rice-Shaped Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Caesalpinia bonducella Seed Extract and Their Applications. ACS Omega, 2020. 5(2): p. 1040-1051.
Qamar, H., et al., Green synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of copper oxide nanomaterial derived from Momordica charantia. International journal of nanomedicine, 2020: p. 2541-2553.
SHARMA, S., et al., Synthesis and characterization of CuO nanoparticles by Aloe barbadensis leaves. Quantum Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, 2021. 2(5): p. 1-9.
Ikhioya, I.L., et al., The The Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using the Moringa Oleifera Plant and its Subsequent Characterization for Use in Energy Storage Applications. East European Journal of Physics, 2023(1): p. 162-172.
Benedec, D., et al., Origanum vulgare mediated green synthesis of biocompatible gold nanoparticles simultaneously possessing plasmonic, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Int J Nanomedicine, 2018. 13: p. 1041-1058.
Gebremedhin, B.R., et al., Eco-friendly synthesis of CuO nanoparticles induced by Var. adoensis and its high photocatalytic ability and recyclability. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2023. 34(8): p. 703.
Kim, J.-P., et al., Ellagic acid rhamnosides from the stem bark of Eucalyptus globulus. Phytochemistry, 2001. 57(4): p. 587-591.
Santos, S.A., et al., Characterization of phenolic components in polar extracts of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. bark by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2011. 59(17): p. 9386-9393.
Jabeen, S., et al., Biogenic synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles from aloe vera: antibacterial activity, molecular docking, and photocatalytic dye degradation. ACS omega, 2024. 9(28): p. 30190-30204.
Ali, S.G., et al., Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles from the leaves of Aegle marmelos and their antimicrobial activity and photocatalytic activities. Molecules, 2023. 28(22): p. 7499.
Javid-Naderi, M.J., et al., Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fruit extract and assessment of their cytotoxicity and photocatalytic applications. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2023. 32: p. 103300.
Aroob, S., et al., Green synthesis and photocatalytic dye degradation activity of CuO nanoparticles. Catalysts, 2023. 13(3): p. 502.
Taghavi Fardood, S., et al., Green synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of copper oxide nanoparticles of copper oxide nanoparticles. Nanochemistry Research, 2023. 8(2): p. 134-140.
Lakshmanan, S., et al., Role of Green Synthesized CuO Nanoparticles of Trigonella Foenum- Graecum L. Leaves and their Impact on Structural, Optical and Antimicrobial Activity. International Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2021. 17(2): p. 109-121.
Authors
Copyright (c) 2026 Hajer Abdulrahman Hassan, and Ahmed Fattah Abdulrahman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0] that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work, with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online.