Wheat Seed Gall Nematode Anguina Tritici in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region - Iraq and its Biology.
Keywords:
TheAbstract
A survey of several wheat fields at Duhok province during 2010 and 2011 was carried out in Slevani (Duban) plain, Kemeka and Bakhetmi villages, fields around Semel city and other fields along roads of Kora and Kemeka to determine infection percentage by Anguina tritici . Highest infection during 2010 was 11% and 10.4% in wheat fields of Kemeka and Bakhetmi respectively, whereas the lowest was 0.56% in wheat field of Bakhetmi village during 2011.A tritici completed its life cycle in 135- 165 days under field conditions at Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Semel-Duhok. Dimensions of Females were 2400 × 132.55 µm, whereas for males was 1790 × 82.19 µm and for second stage Juveniles (J2) and eggs were 490 × 24.9 µm and 94.5 × 38.7 µm respectively.
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Al-Beldawi, A. S.; Z. A, Stephan and A. H, Alwan (1974). General survey of wheat gall disease in Iraq.Iraq Agric. Bull., 29: 48-69.
AL-Beldawi, A.; Z. A, Stephan.; NH, Lwaa and R. A, Shali (1977). Studies on wheat gall nematode in Iraq. Yearbook of Plant Protect. Res., Baghdad, 1: 268-283.
Ami, S. N.; H. Y, Mohammad and S. A, Younis (2004). Study on ear-cockle disease in some regions of Nineveh province-North of Iraq - Iraqi J. Agric. Sci., 5: 95-100.
Bhatti, S.; R. S, Dahiya and S. C, Dhawan (1978). New record of tundu and ear-cockle incidence in
barley. Nematol.: 331-332.
Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International CABI. (2005). Anguina tritici in: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture, 2nd edition. CABI, UK: 149-152 pp.
Esser, R. P.; J. H, O'Bannon and R. A, Clark (1991). Procedure to detect wheat seed gall nematode(Anguina tritic) should an infestation appear in florida. Florida Dept. Agric. and Consumer Serv. Division of Plant Industry, Nematology Circular No. 186.
Gokte, N. and G, Swamp (1987). Studies on morphology and biology of Anguina tritici. Indian J. Nematol. 17:306-317.
Khan, M. R. and M, Athar (1996). Response of wheat cultivars to different inoculum levels of Anguina tritici . Nematol.Medit.24: 269-272.
Kort, J. (1972). Nematode diseases of cereals of temperate climates. In J.M. Webster, ed. Economic Nematology, p. 97-126. New York, NY, USA , Academic.
Limber, D. P. (1973). Proceedings of Helminthohgical Society, Washington 40:272-274. (cited from Australasian Nematology Newsletter (2006) Longevity of Anguina tritici, 17:16.
Mustafa, S. A.(2009). Study on Wheat and Barley ear-cockle disease caused by nematode Anguina tritici in Erbil province. M.Sc. theses, College of Agriculture, University of Salahaddin-Erbil.
Paruthi, I. J. and D. S, Bhatti (1988). Effect on consumption and marketing of wheat contaminated with seed gall of Anguina triticin. Haryana- Agric. uni. J. of Res., 18:173-176.
Perry, R. N. and M, Moens(2006) Plant Nematology. British Library, London, UK, CAB International,447pp.
Rao, R. S. R. (1921). Apreliminary list of insect pest of Iraq .Dept. of Agric.Iraq, Bull.7.
Stephan, Z. A. and B. G, Antoon (1990). Biotypes of earcockle nematode Anguina tritici in Iraq . Current Nematology 1: 85-88
Swarup, G. and C, Sosa-Moss (1990).Nematode parasites of cereals. In :M. Luc, R.A. Sikora & J. Bridge,eds. Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture, p. 109-136.Wallingford, UK, CAB International .
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2013-09-30
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Ami, S. N., & Taher, I. I. (2013). Wheat Seed Gall Nematode Anguina Tritici in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region - Iraq and its Biology. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 1(2), 674–685. Retrieved from https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz/article/view/333
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