Response of Nutrient Balance Index in Triticum Aestivum L to Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Phosphorus Fertilizer
Keywords:
Mycorrhiza, Phosphorus, DRIS and WheatAbstract
A pot experiment was conducted in green house of college of Science, University of Salahaddin Erbil, to study the effect of two levels (0, 20g.pot-1) of mycorrhizal inoculation, four levels (0.0, 25, 50, 75kg.dounm-1) of phosphorus fertilizer and their combination on nutrient balance index in Triticum aestivum L. Experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The results indicate that the lowest nutrient balance index (0.833) was recorded from combination treatment (M1P2) compared to control (64.008). The DRIS index ranged from (-14.137 to +14.137) was considered adequate value without mycorrhizal inoculation. Whereas, the DRIS index with mycorrhizal inoculated treatment ranged from (-26.601 to +26.601) was considered adequate value.
References
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Allen, S. E. (1974).Chemical analysis of ecological materials. Black well scientific publication Osney Mead, Oxford : 64-214.
Baldock, J.O,andSchulte,E.E.(1996). Plant analysis with standardized scores combines DRIS and sufficiency range approaches for corn. J of Agro. 88: 448–456.
Beaufils, E. R. (1973). Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS). A general scheme for experimentation and calibration based on principles developed from research in plant nutrition. Soil Science Bull.University.Natal. 1:1-132.
Black,C.A.(1965).Method of soil analysis .Agr.Mono9Parts(1and2).Amer.Soc.Agrc.Inc.Pub.Maddison.Wisconson.USA .pp:1-1575 .
Bremner, J.M., C.S.Mulvaney (1982).Methods of soil analysis. Part 2.Agronomy Vol. 9, 2ndEdition.Amer.J. of Soil Sci. Soci. Madison. WI pp: 595-624.
Caldwell, J. O; M. E. Sumner and C. S. Varina (1994).Development and testing of preliminary foliar DRIS norms for onions.Horticulture Science. 29: 1501-1504.
Darwesh, D. A. (2007). Role of supplemental irrigation and fertilizer treatments on yield and nutrients balance in wheat by using modified DRIS. Ph. D. Thesis. College of Agriculture.University of Salahaddin/Erbil-Iraq.
Esmail, A. O; K. K. Hamad and M. F. Yadgar (1999).Effect of Mg/Ca ratio in irrigation water on yield and quality of ckick pea.Zanko Journal. 11(2): 11-17 (in Arabic).
Gadd, G. M; S. C. Watkinson and P. S. Dyer (2006).Fungi in the environment.Published by Cabridge University press.New York, USA: 407.
Hallmark, W. B; C. J. deMooy and J. Pesek (1987).Comparison of two DRIS methods for diagnosing nutrient deficiencies.Journal of Fertilizers. Issues, 4(4): 150-158.
Hanson, R. G. (1981). DRIS evaluation of N, P, K status of determinant soybeans in Brazil.Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 12: 933-948.
Khanam, D; M. A. U. Mridha and A. R. M. Solaiman (2006).Comparative study of arbuscularmycorrhizal association with different agricultural crops among four aezs of Bangladesh.Journal of Agricultural Research. 44 (2): 147-160.
Li, H. (2005).Roles of mycorrhizal symbiosis on growth and phosphorus nutrition of wheat in a highly calcareous soil. Ph. D. Thesis. Schools of earth and Environmental Sciences.University of Adelaide.
Li, H.Y; Y. G. Zhu; P. Marschner; F. A. Smith and S. E. Smith (2005). Wheat responses to arbuscularmycorrhzal fungi in highly calcareous soil differ from those of clover, and change with plant development and P supply. Plant and Soil. 277:221-232.
Mackay, D. C; J. M. Carefoot and T. Entz (1987).Evaluation of the DRIS procedure for assessing the nutritional status of potato (SolanumtuberosumL.). Soil Science and Plant Analysis.18: 1331-158.
Mohammad, A.; B. Mitra and A. G. Khan (2004).Effect of sheared root inoculums of Glomusintaradiceson wheat grown at different phosphorus level in the field.Agriculture, Ecosystem and Enviroment. 103: 245-249.
Mustafa, Kh. Kh. (2000). Effect of bacteria Rhizobium, mycorrhizae fungi and there interaction on some biological activities on broad bean Viciafaba plant. MSc. Thesis .College of Education .University of Sallahadin/Erbil – Iraq.
Phillips, J. M. and D. S. Hayman (1970).Improved procedures for cleaning roots and staining parasitic and VA mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions British Mycological Society.55: 158-161.
Razavidarbar, S. and A. Lakzain (2007). Evaluation of chemical and biological consequences of soil sterilization methods.Caspian Journal Environmental Science. 5(2): 87-91.
Schuffelen,A.A.M and J.G.HVanschaunou- -wenburg .(1961).Quick testes for soil and plant analysis used by small laboratories .Netherland J. of Agri. Sci. .9:2-16.
Sevenson, G; A. Kimberley and M. O. Can (1988). DRIS improve diagnosis nutrient deficiency in pinus radiate. N. Z. Journal of forest science. 18: 33-42.
Soltanpour,P.N,M.J.Malakouti ,A .Ronaghi .(1995). Comparison of diagnosis and recommendation integrated system and nutrient sufficient range of corn. Soil Sci. Soci. ofAme. J . 59: 133–139.
Steele, R.G. and J.H. Torrie (1969).Principle and procedure of statistic. McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc. New York: 1-530.
Stewart, W. M. (2000). Phosphorus fertilization of wheat.Potash and Phosphat Institute. Retrieved from website http:// osun.org/
Sultan, M. Y. (2005). Effect of bacterial inoculation and chemical fertilizers on lentil Lens culinaris by using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS). Ph. D. Thesis. College of Agriculture and Forestry.University of Mosul- Iraq (in Arabic).
Walworth, J. L, Sumner, M. E., Isaac, R. A. and Plank,C.O. (1986)Preliminary DRIS norms for alfalfa in the Southeastern United States and a comparison with the Midwest norms. Agro. J, Madison. 78: 1046-1052.
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Published
2013-06-30
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Darwesh, D. A., & Sahid, S. A. (2013). Response of Nutrient Balance Index in Triticum Aestivum L to Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Phosphorus Fertilizer. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 1(1), 87–94. Retrieved from https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz/article/view/49
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