Multi-Elemental Analysis of Crepis Sahendi Boiss Grown in Iraqi Kurdistan Region Using ICP-OES/ICP-MS Techniques
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25271/2017.5.2.370Keywords:
The, AAbstract
Crepis sahendi Boiss is perennial plant growing in Iraqi Kurdistan region. Traditionally, it is used for the treatment of abdominal ache. The objective of this study is to evaluate the element contents of root, stem, leaf and flower of C. sahendi, which were determined using microwave assisted digestion followed by ICP-OES/ICP-MS techniques. Sixty-five elements were analyzed from the studied plant parts. Element concentrations of Pt, Pd and Re have not been detected in any parts of the studied plant. Some elements were present only in specific parts, such as; Ta, Ti, U, Ho, Lu, Tm, Yb W, In and Te. The rest of the elements were detected in all parts of C. sahendi in different concentrations. Lead and Arsenic reach the toxic concentrations in flower with 45.9 ppm and 25.6 ppm respectively. Chromium was also showed in a toxic ratio within root, leaf and flower with 8.04 ppm, 7.43 ppm and 3.47 ppm respectively. The determination of metals as toxic ratio was depended on the WHO references. The presence of these toxic heavy metals in such a ratio in the selected parts of C. sahendi make us believe that this traditional plant is not safe to be used by consumers in the sampling area.
References
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Basgel, S. and Erdemoglu, S. (2006). Determination of mineral and trace elements in some medicinal herbs and their infusions consumed in Turkey. Sci. Total Env., 359, 82-89.
Davis, P. (1975). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol. 5). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
FAO/WHO (1984). Contaminants. In Codex Alimentarius, (Vol. XVII), (1st ed.). FAO/WHO, Codex Alimentarius Commision, Rome.
Feng, X., Wu, S., Wharmby, A. and Wittmeier, A. (1999). Microwave digestion of plant and grain standard reference materials in nitric and hydrofluoric acids for multi-elemental determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 14, 939-946.
Heyes, R. (1997). The Carcinogenicity of metals in humans. Cancer Causes Control, 8, 371-385.
Ibrahim, A. (2014). Determination of some mineral and heavy metals in Saudi Arabia popular herbal drugs using modern techniques. Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 8, 893-898.
Ibrahim, M., Hussain, F., Zanoni, G. and Vidari, G. (2015). J. Pharm. Sci. Innov., 4, 165-167.
Kanias, G. and Loukis, A. (1987). Determination and correlation of active consitituents and trace elements in the medicinal plants Thymus capitatus Hffm. and Link, Frezenius Z. Analyt. Chem., 327, 355-357.
Koe, H. and Sari, H. (2009). Trace metal contents of some medicinal, aromatic plants and soil samples in the Mediterranean region, Turkey. J. Appl. Chem. Res., 8: 52-57.
Malhotra, V. (1998). Biochemistry for Students. (10th ed.). Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India.
Masum, P. and Osw, P. (2016). Preliminary phytochemical screening of various extracts for five plants species in Iraqi Kurdistan region. Journal University of Zakho, 4A, 87-93.
Pesavento, M., Alberti, G. and Biesuz, R. (2009). Analytical methods for determination of free metal ion concentration, labile species fraction and metal complexation capacity of environmental waters: A review. Analytica Chimica Acta, 631, 129–141.
Sharma, K., Agrawal, M. and Marshall, M. (2009). Heavy metals in vegetables collected from production and market sites of a tropical urban area of India. Food Chem. Toxicol., 47, 583-591.
Shazia, J., Muhammad, T., Sardar K. and Muhammad Q. (2010). Determination of major and trace elements in ten important folk therapeutic plants of Haripur basin Pakistan, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4, 559-566.
Sheded, G., Pulford, I. and Hamed, I. (2006). Presence of major and trace elements in seven medicinal plants growing in the South-Eastern Desert. Egypt. J. Arid Env., 66, 210-217.
Sitko, R., Zawisza, B. and Malicka, E. (2012). Modification of carbon nanotubes for preconcentration, separation and determination of trace-metal ions. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 37, 22-31.
Umran, H., Canan, O., Sermin, C., Ali, O. and Serap, E. (2012). Major-minor element analysis in some plant seeds consumed as feed in Turkey. Natural Science, 4, 298-303.
Wang, S., Chiou, J., Chen, C., Tseng, C., Chou, W., Wang, C., Wu, T. and Chang, L. (2003). Prevalence of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus and related vascular disease in southwestern arseniasis-endemic and non-endemic areas in Taiwan. Environ. Hlth. Perspect., 111, 155-159.
WHO (2007). WHO guidelines for assessing quality of herbal medicines with reference to contaminants and residues, Spain.
Wong, M., Tan, P. and Wee, Y. (1993). Heavy metals in some of Chinese herbal plants. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 36, 135-142.
Xudong, Y., Robert, L. and Zhiqian, W. (2011). Analytical methods for heavy metals in herbal medicines: a review. Phytochem. Anal., 22, 189-198.
Zayed, A. and Terry, N. (2003). Chromium in the environment: factors affecting biological remediation. Plant Soil, 249, 139-156.
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Published
2017-06-30
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Osw, P. S., & Masum, P. A. (2017). Multi-Elemental Analysis of Crepis Sahendi Boiss Grown in Iraqi Kurdistan Region Using ICP-OES/ICP-MS Techniques. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 5(2), 210–213. https://doi.org/10.25271/2017.5.2.370
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