Diagnosis of Minerals Controlled The Carbonate Solubility in Some Calcareous Soils From North Iraq
Keywords:
Minerals, Carbonate Solubility, Calcareous, X-Ray DiffractionAbstract
Four locations were chosen from North Iraq having different soil orders namely: (Zawaita-Mollisols), (Batail-Vertisols), (Ninevah forest-Inceptisols), (Tel-Afer-Aridisols) in order to study the role of solubility diagram and x-ray diffraction analysis in determining the type of mineral which effect the carbonate solubility.Results showed that the calcite mineral effected the carbonate solubility depending on solubility diagram indicating by the points that falls under calcite mineral line represented the state under saturation with respect to this mineral. Also the results of x-ray diffraction stated the presence of calcite at d-spacing (0.304nm) and dolomite at (0.289nm), therefore the peak intensity of calcite (d-spacing) was sharpened and most height than the peak of dolomite, this conclusion was in agreement with the results of solubility diagram that were obtained above.
References
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Al-Agaidi, W.K. 1989. Proposed soil classification at the series level for Iraq soil. Vertisols, Lithosols and Regosols. Soil Science Dept. Univ. of Baghdad, Iraq.
Al-Kaysi, S.C. 2000. The influence of the forms of the carbonate minerals on particle size distribution of soil before and after carbonate removal. Iraqi J. of Agric. Sci. 31(2): 585-586.
Bui, E.N., R.H. Loeppert and L.P. Wilding. 1990. Carbonate phases in calcareous soils of the western united state. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54: 39-45.
Dunling, W. and D.W. Anderson. 2000. Pedogenic carbonate in chernozemic soils and landscapes of southeastern Saskatchewan. Can. J. Soil Sci. 80: 251-261.
Gile, L.H. 1995. Pedogenic carbonate in soils of the isaack's ranch surface, Southern New Mexico. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 59: 501-508.
Griffin, R.A. and J. Jurinak. 1973. The interaction of phosphate with calcite. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 37: 847-850.
Holtzclaw, K.M., G. Sposito and J.D. Rhoades. 1986. improved selective dissolution method for determining calcite and dolomite in soil. Soil Sci. 142: 63-68.
Karberg, N.J., K.S. Pregitzer and J.S. King. 2005. Soil carbon dioxide partial pressure and dissolved inorganic carbonate chemistry under elevated carbon dioxide and ozone. Oecologia, 142: 296-306.
Kralj, D. and N. Vdovic. 2000. The influence of some naturally occurring minerals on the precipitation of calcium carbonate polymorphs. Water Res. 34:
179-184.
Langmuir, D. 1997. Aqueous environmental geochemistry. Printic Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J.PP (193-229).
Lindsay, W.L. 1979. Chemical equilibria in soils. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Manahan, S.E. 2005. Environmental Chemistry, International Standard Book, CRC Press, New York.PP (200-223).
Miller, J.J., M.J. Dudas and F.J. Longstaffe. 1987. Identification of pedogenic carbonate minerals using stable carbon and oxygen isotopes, X – ray diffraction and SEM analysis. Can. J. Soil Sci. 67: 953-958.
Reeder, R.J. 1983. Carbonates: mineralogy and chemistry. Reviews in mineralogy, vol. 11, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, p. 394.
Rezaei, M., E. Sanz and E. Rezaei. 2004. Simulation of dissolution in the salt water mixing zone of carbonate Aquifers. European Union Project (SALTRANS), Barcelona, Spain.
Rowell , D.L. 1996. Soil science methods and application . Welsy , Longman , London.
Soil Survey Staff. 1994. Key of soils taxonomy. A basic system of soil classification or making and interpreting soil survey Agric. Handbook. No. 136. USA
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Published
2014-06-30
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Ahmed, H. M., & Al-Obaidi, M. A. (2014). Diagnosis of Minerals Controlled The Carbonate Solubility in Some Calcareous Soils From North Iraq. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 2(1), 166–175. Retrieved from https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz/article/view/138
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