Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus Granulosus Isolated from Human Hydatid Cyst Using Mitochondrial Cox1 Gene Sequencing in Dohuk Province- Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Keywords:
E. granulosus, Strain identification, G1 Sheep strain, Microvariants GenotypeAbstract
To characterize the circulating E. granulosus genotype in Duhok province, a total of 17 human (14 female and 3 male) hydatid cysts (10 from lung and 7 from liver) were subjected to molecular analysis using mitochondrial cox1 gene sequencing. Total DNA was extracted using Qiagene DNeasy blood and tissue mini kit then it was electrophoresed on 1.5% Agarose gel in TBE 0.5% buffer for 20 minutes and sequenced. Variable sequences of 418bp were obtained for 15 out of 17 samples. The sequences were aligned with old sequences of G1, G2, G3 genotypes and the new Turkish and Iranian genotypes. As a result, the Duhok isolates were more identical to the newer Turkish and Iranian G1 common sheep genotype sequences than the old ones due to the occurrence of different multiple nucleotide substitutions among nearly half of Duhok isolates. In conclusion, the results of this study showed the presence of the G1-G3 cluster sensu stricto cluster genotype in Duhok province, therefore preventive measures should be arranged accordingly.
References
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Sharbatkhori, M., Harandi, M. F., Mirhendi, H. , Hajialilo, E. & Beigom, E. K. (2010). Sequence analysis of cox1 and nad1 genes in Echinococcus granulossus G3 genotype in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from central Iran. Parasitol Res .DOI 10.1007/s00436-010-2092-7 .
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Thompson, R.C.A. (2008). The taxonomy, phylogeny and transmission of Echinococcus. Experimental Parasitology 119:439-446.
Vural, G, Baca, A. U, Gauci, C. G., Bagci, O., Gicik, Y. & Lightowlers, M. W. (2008).Variability in the Echinococcus granulosus Cytochrome C oxidase 1 mitochondrial gene sequence from livestock in Turkey and a re-appraisal of the G1–3 genotype cluster. Veterinary Parasitology, 154: 347–350.
Zhang, L., Eslami, A., Hosseini, S. H. & McManus, D.P. (1998). (Indication of the presence of two distinct strains of Echinococcus granulosus in Iran by Mitochondrial DNA Markers. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 59(1): 171–174.
Al-Qaoudy, K.M., Abdel-Hafez, S.K., Craig, P.S. (2003). Canine Echinococcosis in northern Jordan: increased prevalence and dominance of sheep/dog strain, 90(3):187-91. Abstract.
Bart, J. M., Morariu, S., Knapp. J., Ilie, M. S., Pitulescu, M., Anghel. A., Cosoroaba, I. Piarroux, R. (2006). Genetic typing of Echinococcus granulosus in Romania. Parasitol Res., 98: 130-137.
Bowles, J. & McManus, D.P. (1993). NADH dehydroginase gene sequences compared for species and strains of the genus Echinococcus. International journal for Parasitology, 23(7): 969-972.
Bowles, J., Blair, D. & McManus D. P. (1992). Genetic variants within the genus Echinococcus identified by mitochondrial DNA sequencing. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 54:165- 174.
Bowles, J., Blair, D. and McManus, D.P. (1994). Molecular genetics characterization of the cervid strain (Northern form) of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitology, 109: 215-221.
Bowles, J., Blair, D. and McManus, D. P. (1995). Molecular phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus. Parasitol., 110: 317-328.
Budke, C. M., Deplazes, P. and Torgerson, P. R.(2006). Global socioeconomic impact of cystic Echinococcosis. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 12(2):296-303.
Casulli, A., Manfredi, M. T., La Rosa, G., Di Cerbo, A. R., Genchi, C. & Pozio, E. (2008). Echinococcus ortleppi and E. granulosus G1, G2 and G3 genotypes in Italian bovines. Veterinary Parasitology ,155: 168–172.
Eckert, J. and Deplazes, p.(2004). Biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of Echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 17(1):107-135.
Ergin, S., Saribas, S., Yuksel, P., Zengin, K., Midilli, K., Adas, G., Arikan, S., Aslan, M., Uysal, H., Caliskan, R., Oner, A., Kucukbasmaci, O., Kaygusuz, A., Torun, M. M. & Kocazeybek, B. (2010). Genotypic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus isolated from human in Turkey. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4 (7): 551-555.
Ghaffar, N. M. (2008). Prevalence of hydatidosis in livestock slaughtered at Duhok Abattoir, Kurdistan Region /Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis, College of Sciences / University of Duhok.
McManus, D. P. (2004). Molecular Taxonomy and Epidemiology of Cystic Echinococcosis. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 35(1): 200-205.
McManus, D.P. (2006). Molecular discrimination of Taeniid cestodes. Parasitol. Int., 55:31-37.
Molan, A.L. & Baban, M.R. (1993). The prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in stray dogs in Iraq. Jpn. J. med. Sci. Biol. Feb.; 46(1):29-35.
Molan, A.L. & Saida, L.A. (1989). Echinococcosis in Iraq: Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in stray dogs in Erbil province/ Iraq, Jpn J med Sci Biol., 42(4):137-141.
Molan, A.L. (1993). Epidemiology of hydatidiosis and Echinococcosis in Theqar Province , Southern Iraq, Jpn J med Sci Biol. 46(1):29-35.
Moro, P. & Schantz, P.M. (2009). Echinococcosis: a review. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 13: 125-133.
Nakao, M., Li, T., Han, X., Ma, X., Xiao, N., Qiu, J.,Wang, H., Yanagida, T., Mamutia, W., Wen, H., Moro, P. L., Giraudoux, P., Craig, P. S. & Ito, A. (2010). Genetic polymorphisms of Echinococcus tapeworms in China as determined by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Int J Parasitol., 40(3): 379–385.
Nakao, M., McManus, D.P., Schantz, P.M., Craig, P.S., Ito, A. (2007). A molecular phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes. Parasitology, 134: 713–722.
OIE (2008). Echinococcosis/ hydatidiosis. OIE Terrestrial manual 2008. Chapter 2.1.4:175-189.
Pour, A. A., Hosseini, S. H, & Shayan, P. (2010). Comparative genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus infecting buffalo in Iran using cox1 gene. Parasitol Res . DOI 10.1007/s00436-010-2170-x.
Saeed, I., kapel, c., saida, L.A., Willingham, L., Nanse, P. (2000). Epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus in Erbil province. Northern Iraq, 1990-1998. Journal of Helminthology, vol. 74(issue1): 83-88.
Sharbatkhori, M., Harandi, M. F., Mirhendi, H. , Hajialilo, E. & Beigom, E. K. (2010). Sequence analysis of cox1 and nad1 genes in Echinococcus granulossus G3 genotype in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from central Iran. Parasitol Res .DOI 10.1007/s00436-010-2092-7 .
Siracusano, A., teggi, A. & Ortona, E. (2009). Human cystic echinococcosis: Old problem and new prospective. Interdisiplinary Perspectives on Infectious disease. Vol. 2009, Article ID 474368, 7 pages. DOI: 10.1155/2009/474368.
Thompson, R.C.A. (2008). The taxonomy, phylogeny and transmission of Echinococcus. Experimental Parasitology 119:439-446.
Vural, G, Baca, A. U, Gauci, C. G., Bagci, O., Gicik, Y. & Lightowlers, M. W. (2008).Variability in the Echinococcus granulosus Cytochrome C oxidase 1 mitochondrial gene sequence from livestock in Turkey and a re-appraisal of the G1–3 genotype cluster. Veterinary Parasitology, 154: 347–350.
Zhang, L., Eslami, A., Hosseini, S. H. & McManus, D.P. (1998). (Indication of the presence of two distinct strains of Echinococcus granulosus in Iran by Mitochondrial DNA Markers. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 59(1): 171–174.
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2013-06-30
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AHMED, B. D., MERO, W. M., SALIH, A., XIAO, N., CASULLI, A., & ABDO, J. M. (2013). Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus Granulosus Isolated from Human Hydatid Cyst Using Mitochondrial Cox1 Gene Sequencing in Dohuk Province- Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 1(1), 72–80. Retrieved from https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz/article/view/40
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