Assessment of Well Water Quality for Drinking Purposes Within Selevania District, Zakho City, Kurdistan Region / Iraq
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2021.9.3.813Keywords:
Heavy metals, well water, drinking water quality, Zakho cityAbstract
The world’s major sources of drinking water are groundwater particularly wells water. In the present study, the quality of the wells in the 10 villages nearby the city of Zakho were selected for investigation and their suitability for drinking purposes. All the well water samples were analyzed for 11 chemical and physical analysis including dissolved oxygen, total hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, pH, sulfate, and four heavy metals, such as Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn using standard methods. The results showed that the value of heavy metals in well water samples were in these ranges: Zn (0.027± 0.004 to 0.005 ± 0.007) mg/L; Fe (0.0109 ± 0.035 to 0.183 ± 0.061) mg/L; Cu (0.001 ± 0.022 to 0.025 ± 0.023) mg/L; Pb (0.045 ± 0.015 to 0.069 ± 0.096) mg/L. The range of physical and chemical parameters were; pH (7.1 to 8.3), EC (411 to1579 µS/cm), TDS (263 to 1010 mg/L), Total Alkalinity (287 to 584 mg/L), Total hardness (176 to 848 mg/L), Chloride (11.6 to 56.9 mg/L), calcium (80 to 673 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (6.1 to 8.7 mg/L), sulfate (10.3 to 42.5 mg/L) and temperature (17.0 to 23.4°C). The results were compared with international standards and showed that the mean values of total hardness and TDS in locations betas, Bezehe and Dolla are ranged from (827.13 ± 5.330), (544.25 ±3.178) ,(782.63 ± 3.257), (930.38 ± 3.545), (675.75± 3.639) ,( 996.25 ± 3.245) mg/L respectively, were found to be higher than WHO water standards, and unsuitable for drinking use. The results have proven the presence of heavy metal as especially lead, Zn, Cu, and Fe have been containing in the study area. Other parameters were within (WHO) drinking water standards. In conclusion, the other sites of well water sources of the Selevania region are suitable for drinking purposes.
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Results and Discussion
The six elements studied in this research
namely: Manganese, Iron, Zinc, Cadmium
Copper and Lead have Maximum Pollutant
Levels of 0.050 mg/L, 0. 300 mg/L ,3.000 mg/L,
0.003 mg/L, 2.000 mg/L and 0.010 mg/L
respectively (19, 20). All the 20 tests were
named appropriately and investigated for the
metal content. Sample were analyzed 5 times
(n=5) the trace metal concentrations of six in
different parts of the study zone has been
presented in Table 1,2.
Results and Discussion
The six elements studied in this research
namely: Manganese, Iron, Zinc, Cadmium
Copper and Lead have Maximum Pollutant
Levels of 0.050 mg/L, 0. 300 mg/L ,3.000 mg/L,
0.003 mg/L, 2.000 mg/L and 0.010 mg/L
respectively (19, 20). All the 20 tests were
named appropriately and investigated for the
metal content. Sample were analyzed 5 times
(n=5) the trace metal concentrations of six in
different parts of the study zone has been
presented in Tabl
Tajinder Kaur1 • Renu Bhardwaj1 • Saroj Arora 2016 Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using hydrochemical studies in Malwa region, southwestern part of Punjab, India Appl Water Sci DOI 10.1007/s13201-016-0476-2
Wajid Ali , Muhammad Nafees , Syed Ali Turab , M. Younis Khan , Khaista Rehman 2019 Drinking water quality assessment using water quality index and geostatistical techniques, Mardan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences Volume 52, No. 1, 2019 pp. 65-85
WHO (2012)., Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality., Second edition, Addendum to 2, Health Criteria and Other Supporting Information
WHO (2011)., Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality., Second edition, Addendum to 2, Health Criteria and Other Supporting Information
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Moussa (1 2019 Evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes: Case of Skhira aquifer Sfax –TunisiaGeophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 21, EGU2019-1893-2, 2019
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