The Protective Role of Certain Antioxidants (Vitamins C, E and Omega-3) Against Aluminum Chloride Induced Histological Changes in the Liver and Kidney of Female Albino Rats (Rattus Rattus Norvegicus)
Keywords:
Aluminum, toxicity, antioxidants, Vitamins, Omega-3, histologyAbstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of certain antioxidants such as Vitamins C, E and Omega-3 oil on Aluminum induced histological changes in the liver and kidney of the female albino rats. Sixty four female adult rats were divided randomly into eight groups two of them control: (control 1) without AlCl3 /Kg body weight (b.w.); (control 2) supplied orally with 0.2 ml/rat oil and six groups treated as follow: AlCl3 (60 mg/kg b. w.) ; AlCl3 (60 mg/kg b. w.) plus 0.2ml/rat acetic acid (0.5%); AlCl3 (60 mg/kg b. w.) plus Vit.C (50 mg/kg); AlCl3 (60 mg/kg b. w.) plus Vit.E (100 mg/kg); AlCl3 (60 mg/kg b. w.) plus 0.2 ml/rat Omega-3 (5% ) and AlCl3 (60 mg/kg b. w.) plus Vit.C (50 mg/kg) plus Vit.E (100 mg/kg) plus 0.2ml/rat 5 % Omega-3 ) respectively. Rats were orally administered their respective doses every other day for 35 days. At the end of the experiments, livers and kidneys samples were fixed in Bouin’s fluid and processed for histological examination.Histological examination of liver taken from rats treated with aluminum chloride in the presence or absence of acetic acid showed several abnormalities in the structure of liver histology such as dilatation of blood sinusoid, degeneration of hepatocytes, vacuolated hepatocytes, necrosis, apoptosis, infiltration of lymphocytes, and steatosis. Furthermore, Kidneys taken from rats treated with aluminum chloride also, showed some abnormalities in kidney histology such as inflammation, degeneration of kidney tubules cells and hemorrhage. The presence of antioxidants (Vitamins C, E and omega-3 oil) along with aluminum chloride relatively diminished the toxic effect of aluminum on both liver and kidney and tended to protect them as indicated by more or less normal histological structure of liver and kidney.
References
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Turguta, G.; Enlib, Y.; Kaptanoğlub, B.; Turguta, S. and Gença, O. (2006). Changes in the levels of MDA and GSH in mice serum, liver and spleen after aluminum administration, East. Jour. Med., 11:7-12.
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Ward, M. K.; Feest, T. G.; Ellis, H. A.; Parkinson, I. S.; Kerr, D. N. S.; Herrington, J. and Goode, G. L. (1978). Osteomalacic dialysis osteodystrophy: Evidence for a water-borne aetiological agent, probably aluminum. Lancet., 1: 841–845.
Yokel, R. A. (2004). Aluminum. In elements and their compounds in the environment, occurrence, analysis and biological relevance (E. Merian, M. Anke, M. Ihnat, and M. Stoeppler, Eds), 2: 635–658. Wiley- VCH, Weinheim, Germany.
Yousef, M. I. (2004). Aluminum-induced changes in hemato-biochemical parameters, lipid per oxidation and enzyme activities of male rabbits: Protective role of ascorbic acid. Toxicology, 199: 47-57.
Yousef, M. I.; Abdallah, G. A. and Kamel, K. I. (2003). Effect of ascorbic acid and vitamin E supplementation on semen quality and biochemical parameters of male rabbits. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 76:99-111.
Yousef, M. I.; EL-Demerdash, F. M. and EL-Agamy, E. I. (1999). Effect of ascorbic acid on some biochemical parameters of rabbits affected by aflatoxin B1. Environ. Nut. Intl., 3: 141-153.
Yousef, M. I.; Kamel, K. I.; El-Guendi, M. I. and El-Demerdash, F. M. (2007). An in vitro study on reproductive toxicity of aluminum chloride on rabbit sperm: the protective role of some antioxidants. Toxicology, 239: 213–223.
Al-Hajj, H. A. (1998). Light microscopic techniques: theory and practice. Jordan Book Center, Amman.
AL-Qudah, M. M. A. (2006). Histological and physiological effect of lead compound on digestive system of swiss mouse. PhD thesis of Physiology. Faculty of Graduate Studies. University of Jordan.
Anand, R.; Harry, D.; Holt, S.; Milner, P.; Dashwood, M.; Goodier, D.; Jarmulowicz, M. and Moore, K. (2002). Endothelin is an important determinant of renal function in a rat model of acute liver and renal failure. Gut., 50:111–117.
Anane, R. and Creppy, E. E. (2001). Lipid peroxidation as a pathway to aluminum cytotoxicity in human skin fibroblast cultures: prevention by superoxide dismutase plus catalase and vitamins E and C. Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 20: 477-481.
Anane, R.; Bonini, M. and Creppy, E. E. (1997). Transplacental passage of aluminum from pregnant mice to fetus organs after maternal transcutaneous exposure. Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 16:501-504.
Browne, B. A.; McColl, J. G.; and Driscoll, C.T. (1990). Aluminum speciation using morin: I, II. in humans. Am. Jour. Clin. Nutr., 69: 1086–1107.
Campbell, A. (2002). The potential role of aluminum in alzheimer's disease. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 17: 17-20.
Chu, Q.; Yang, K. and Wang, A. (2003).Research progress on oxidative stress and apoptosis ,Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 32:276-279.
Cronan, C. S. and Schofield, C. L. (1979). Aluminum leaching response to acid precipitation: Effect on high-elevation watersheds in the Northeast. Science 204:304-306.
Douette, P.; Vavet, R.; Gerkens, P.; Pauw, E. D.; Liprence, P.; Goffart, C. S. and Sluse, F. E. (2005). Steatosis-induced proteomic changes in liver mitochondria evidenced by two dimintional differential in gel electrophoresis. Jour. Proteo. Res., 4: 2024-2031.
El-Demerdash, F. M.; Yousef, M. I.; Kedwany, F. S; and Baghdadi, H. H. (2004). Role of α-tocopherol and β-carotene in ameliorating the fenvalerate-induced changes in oxidative stress, hemato-biochemical parameters, and semen quality of male rats. Jour. Environ. Sci. Health Bull., 39:443–459.
Fink, S. and Cookson, B. (2005). Apoptosis, Pyroptosis, and Necrosis: Mechanistic description of dead and dying eukaryotic cells. Infect. Imm., 73: 1907-1916.
Garrido-Sanchez L, García-Fuentes E, Rojo-Martínez G, Cardona F, Soriguer F, Tinahones FJ.(2008). Inverse relation between levels of anti-oxidized-LDL antibodies and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA). British jour. Nutr., 3:585-589.
Gilgun-Sherki, Y.; Eldad, M. and Daniel, O. (2000).Oxidative stress induced-neurodegenerative diseases: the need for antioxidants that penetrate the blood brain barrier. Neuropharmacology .40: 959–975.
Gupta, V. B.; Anitha, G.; Hegda, M. L.; Zecca, L.; Garruto, R. M.; Ravid, R.; Shankar, S. K.; Stein, R.; Hanmugavelu, P. and Jagannatha Rao, K.S. (2005). Aluminum in Alzheimer’s disease: are we still at a crossroad. Cell Mol. Life Sc., 62: 143-158.
Hornstra, G. (2001). Essential fatty acids in mothers and their neonates. Am. Jour. Clin. Nutr., 71: 1262–1269.
Kaehny, W.; Hegg, A. and Alfrey, A. (1997). Gastrointestinal absorption of Aluminum from Aluminum containing antacids. N. Engl. Jour. Med., 296: 1389-1390.
Kerr, J. F.; Wyllie, A. H.; and Currie, A. R. (1972). Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. British Jour.Cancer, 26: 239–257.
Mahieu, S. N.; Millen, M.; Gonz´alez, M. C.; Contini and Elias, M. M. (2005). Alterations of the renal function and oxidative stress in renal tissue from rats chronically treated with aluminum during the initial phase of hepatic regeneration. Jour. Inorg. Biochem., 99:1858-1864.
Mansour, S.; Alan, S.; and Norman, B. R. (2006). Aluminum-induced injury to kidney proximal effects on markers of oxidative damage. Jour. Trace Elem. Med. Biol., 19:267–273.
Milosevic, N. and Maier, P. (2000). Lead stimulates intercellular signaling between hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells. Eur. Jour. Pharmacol., 401: 317-328.
Moumen, R.; Ait-Oukhatar, N.; Bureau, F.; Fleury, C.; Bougle, D.and Arhan, P. (2001). Aluminum increases xanthine oxidase activity and disturbs antioxidant status in the rat. Jour. Trace Elem. Med. Biol., 15: 89-93.
Osinska, E.; Kanoniuk, D. and Kusiak, A. (2004): Aluminum hemotoxicity mechanisms. Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie Sklodowska Med., 59: 411- 416.
Salem, M. H.; Kamel, K. I.; Yousef, M. I.; Hassan, G. A. and EL-Nouty, F. D. (2001). Protective role of ascorbic to enhance semen quality of rabbits treated with sublethal doses of aflatoxin B1. Toxicology, 162: 209-218.
Short, A. I. K.; Winney, R. J.; and Robson, J. S. (1980). Reversible microcytic hypochromic anaemia in dialysis patients due to aluminum intoxication. Proc. Eur. Dial. Transplant. Assoc. 17: 226–233.
Sipos, P.; Szentmihalyi, K.; Feher, E.; Abaza, M.,;Szilagyi, M.and Blazovics, A. (2003). Some effects of lead contamination on liver and gall bladder bile. Acta. Biologica. Szegediensis, 47: 139-142.
Turguta, G.; Enlib, Y.; Kaptanoğlub, B.; Turguta, S. and Gença, O. (2006). Changes in the levels of MDA and GSH in mice serum, liver and spleen after aluminum administration, East. Jour. Med., 11:7-12.
Türkez, H.; Yousef, M. I. and Geyikoglu, F. (2010). Propolis prevents aluminum-induced genetic and hepatic damages in rat liver. Food Chem. Toxicol., 48: 2741-2746.
Ward, M. K.; Feest, T. G.; Ellis, H. A.; Parkinson, I. S.; Kerr, D. N. S.; Herrington, J. and Goode, G. L. (1978). Osteomalacic dialysis osteodystrophy: Evidence for a water-borne aetiological agent, probably aluminum. Lancet., 1: 841–845.
Yokel, R. A. (2004). Aluminum. In elements and their compounds in the environment, occurrence, analysis and biological relevance (E. Merian, M. Anke, M. Ihnat, and M. Stoeppler, Eds), 2: 635–658. Wiley- VCH, Weinheim, Germany.
Yousef, M. I. (2004). Aluminum-induced changes in hemato-biochemical parameters, lipid per oxidation and enzyme activities of male rabbits: Protective role of ascorbic acid. Toxicology, 199: 47-57.
Yousef, M. I.; Abdallah, G. A. and Kamel, K. I. (2003). Effect of ascorbic acid and vitamin E supplementation on semen quality and biochemical parameters of male rabbits. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 76:99-111.
Yousef, M. I.; EL-Demerdash, F. M. and EL-Agamy, E. I. (1999). Effect of ascorbic acid on some biochemical parameters of rabbits affected by aflatoxin B1. Environ. Nut. Intl., 3: 141-153.
Yousef, M. I.; Kamel, K. I.; El-Guendi, M. I. and El-Demerdash, F. M. (2007). An in vitro study on reproductive toxicity of aluminum chloride on rabbit sperm: the protective role of some antioxidants. Toxicology, 239: 213–223.
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2013-09-30
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Gorgees, N. S., Al. Habbib, O. A., & Hussein, R. A. (2013). The Protective Role of Certain Antioxidants (Vitamins C, E and Omega-3) Against Aluminum Chloride Induced Histological Changes in the Liver and Kidney of Female Albino Rats (Rattus Rattus Norvegicus). Science Journal of University of Zakho, 1(2), 591–603. Retrieved from https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz/article/view/276
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