The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Patients With Schizophrenia in Duhok City
Keywords:
Vitamin D Deficiency, Patients, Schizophrenia, DuhokAbstract
The current cross sectional study, it was aimed to estimate the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among 110 patients with schizophrenia in Duhok city, who attended the psychiatric Clinic and Department of Azadi teaching hospital. Their total vitamin D level was measured and the result indicated that vitamin D is below the normal level in more than 76% and deficient in 47%. Statistical analysis of the results showed the presence of a significant difference in incidences between male and female and there were significant increase with the duration of the disease. From the results of the present study concluded that vitamin D deficiency is common in this group of population and most of them were not screened or treated.
References
Anglin, R., Samaan, Z., Walter, S., & McDonald, S. (2013). Vitamin D deficiency and depression in adults: systematic review and meta - analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(2), 100-107.
Belvederi Murri, M., Respino, M., Masotti, M., Innamorati, M., Mondelli, V., Pariante, C., & Amore, M. (2013). Vitamin D and psychosis: Mini meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 150(1), 235-239.
Brown, J., Bianco, J., McGrath, J., & Eyles, D. (2003). 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces nerve growth factor, promotes neurite outgrowth and inhibits mitosis in embryonic rat hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience Letters, 343(2), 139-143.
Crews, M., Lally, J., Gardner-Sood, P., Howes, O., Bonaccorso, S., & mith, S. et al. (2013). Vitamin D deficiency in first episode psychosis: A case–control study. Schizophrenia Research, 150(2-3), 533-537.
Garcion, E., Wion-Barbot, N., Montero-Menei, C., Berger, F., & Wion, D. (2002). New clues about vitamin D functions in the nervous system. Trends In Endocrinology & Metabolism, 13(3), 100-105.
Ganji, V., Milone, C., Cody, M., McCarty, F., & Wang, Y. (2010). Serum vitamin D concentrations are related to depression in young adult US population: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Int Arch Med, 3(1), 29.
Holick, M., Binkley, N., Bischoff-Ferrari, H., Gordon, C., Hanley, D., & Heaney, R. et al. (2011). Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 96(7), 1911-1930.
Hoang, M., DeFina, L., Willis, B., Leonard, D., Weiner, M., & Brown, E. (2011). Association between Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Depression in a Large Sample of Healthy Adults: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 86(11), 1050-1055.
Itzhaky D, Amital D, Gorden K, Bogomolni A, Arnson Y, Amital H. (2012). Low serum vitamin D concentrations in patients with schizophrenia. IMAJ, 14(2), 88–92.
Jamilian, H., Bagherzadeh, K., Nazeri, Z., & Hassanijirdehi, M. (2013).Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, serum calcium and phosphorus in patients with schizophrenia and major depression.International Journal Of Psychiatry In Clinical Practice, 17(1), 30-34.
Ju, S., Lee, Y., & Jeong, S. (2012). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels and the risk of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr Health Aging, 17, 447–455.
Kendell, R. (2002). Exposure to sunlight, vitamin D and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research,54(3), 193-198.
Kesby, J., Eyles, D., Burne, T., & McGrath, J. (2011). The effects of vitamin D on brain development and adult brain function. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 347(1-2), 121-127.
Kiraly, S., Kiraly, M., Hawe, R., & Makhani, N. (2006). Vitamin D as a Neuroactive Substance: Review. The Scientific World JOURNAL, 6, 125-139.
Llewellyn, D., Langa, K., & Lang, I. (2008). Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and Cognitive Impairment. Journal Of Geriatric Psychiatry And Neurology, 22(3), 188-195.
Lee, D., Tajar, A., Ulubaev, A., Pendleton, N., O'Neill, T., & O'Connor, D. et al. (2009). Association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and cognitive performance in middle-aged and older European men.Journal Of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 80(7), 722-729.
Llewellyn, D., Lang, I., Langa, K., & Melzer, D. (2010). Vitamin D and Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly U.S. Population. The Journals Of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences And Medical
Sciences, 66A(1), 59-65.
Maddock, J., Berry, D., Geoffroy, M., Power, C., & Hyppönen, E. (2013). Vitamin D and common mental disorders in mid-life: Cross-sectional and prospective findings. Clinical Nutrition, 32(5), 758-764.
McCann, J., & Ames, B. (2007). Is there convincing biological or behavioral evidence linking vitamin D deficiency to brain dysfunction?. The FASEB Journal, 22(4), 982-1001.
McGrath, J., Saari, K., Hakko, H., Jokelainen, J., Jones, P., & Järvelin, M. et al. (2004). Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life and risk of schizophrenia: a Finnish birth cohort study. Schizophrenia Research, 67(2-3), 237-245.
McGrath, J., Eyles, D., Pedersen, C., Anderson, C., Ko, P., & Burne, T. et al. (2010). Neonatal Vitamin D Status and Risk of Schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(9), 889-8894
Milaneschi, Y., Shardell, M., Corsi, A., Vazzana, R., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J., & Ferrucci, L. (2010). Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Depressive Symptoms in Older Women and Men. Endocrinology, 151(6), 2958-2959.
Norelli, L., Coates, A., & Kovasznay, B. (2010). A comparison of 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels in acute and long-stay psychiatric inpatients: A preliminary investigation. E-SPEN, The European E- Journal Of Clinical Nutrition And Metabolism, 5(4), e187-e189.
Valipour, G., Saneei, P., & Esmaillzadeh, A. (2014). Serum Vitamin D Levels in Relation to Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 99(10), 3863-3872.
Belvederi Murri, M., Respino, M., Masotti, M., Innamorati, M., Mondelli, V., Pariante, C., & Amore, M. (2013). Vitamin D and psychosis: Mini meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 150(1), 235-239.
Brown, J., Bianco, J., McGrath, J., & Eyles, D. (2003). 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces nerve growth factor, promotes neurite outgrowth and inhibits mitosis in embryonic rat hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience Letters, 343(2), 139-143.
Crews, M., Lally, J., Gardner-Sood, P., Howes, O., Bonaccorso, S., & mith, S. et al. (2013). Vitamin D deficiency in first episode psychosis: A case–control study. Schizophrenia Research, 150(2-3), 533-537.
Garcion, E., Wion-Barbot, N., Montero-Menei, C., Berger, F., & Wion, D. (2002). New clues about vitamin D functions in the nervous system. Trends In Endocrinology & Metabolism, 13(3), 100-105.
Ganji, V., Milone, C., Cody, M., McCarty, F., & Wang, Y. (2010). Serum vitamin D concentrations are related to depression in young adult US population: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Int Arch Med, 3(1), 29.
Holick, M., Binkley, N., Bischoff-Ferrari, H., Gordon, C., Hanley, D., & Heaney, R. et al. (2011). Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 96(7), 1911-1930.
Hoang, M., DeFina, L., Willis, B., Leonard, D., Weiner, M., & Brown, E. (2011). Association between Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Depression in a Large Sample of Healthy Adults: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 86(11), 1050-1055.
Itzhaky D, Amital D, Gorden K, Bogomolni A, Arnson Y, Amital H. (2012). Low serum vitamin D concentrations in patients with schizophrenia. IMAJ, 14(2), 88–92.
Jamilian, H., Bagherzadeh, K., Nazeri, Z., & Hassanijirdehi, M. (2013).Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, serum calcium and phosphorus in patients with schizophrenia and major depression.International Journal Of Psychiatry In Clinical Practice, 17(1), 30-34.
Ju, S., Lee, Y., & Jeong, S. (2012). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels and the risk of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr Health Aging, 17, 447–455.
Kendell, R. (2002). Exposure to sunlight, vitamin D and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research,54(3), 193-198.
Kesby, J., Eyles, D., Burne, T., & McGrath, J. (2011). The effects of vitamin D on brain development and adult brain function. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 347(1-2), 121-127.
Kiraly, S., Kiraly, M., Hawe, R., & Makhani, N. (2006). Vitamin D as a Neuroactive Substance: Review. The Scientific World JOURNAL, 6, 125-139.
Llewellyn, D., Langa, K., & Lang, I. (2008). Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and Cognitive Impairment. Journal Of Geriatric Psychiatry And Neurology, 22(3), 188-195.
Lee, D., Tajar, A., Ulubaev, A., Pendleton, N., O'Neill, T., & O'Connor, D. et al. (2009). Association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and cognitive performance in middle-aged and older European men.Journal Of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 80(7), 722-729.
Llewellyn, D., Lang, I., Langa, K., & Melzer, D. (2010). Vitamin D and Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly U.S. Population. The Journals Of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences And Medical
Sciences, 66A(1), 59-65.
Maddock, J., Berry, D., Geoffroy, M., Power, C., & Hyppönen, E. (2013). Vitamin D and common mental disorders in mid-life: Cross-sectional and prospective findings. Clinical Nutrition, 32(5), 758-764.
McCann, J., & Ames, B. (2007). Is there convincing biological or behavioral evidence linking vitamin D deficiency to brain dysfunction?. The FASEB Journal, 22(4), 982-1001.
McGrath, J., Saari, K., Hakko, H., Jokelainen, J., Jones, P., & Järvelin, M. et al. (2004). Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life and risk of schizophrenia: a Finnish birth cohort study. Schizophrenia Research, 67(2-3), 237-245.
McGrath, J., Eyles, D., Pedersen, C., Anderson, C., Ko, P., & Burne, T. et al. (2010). Neonatal Vitamin D Status and Risk of Schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67(9), 889-8894
Milaneschi, Y., Shardell, M., Corsi, A., Vazzana, R., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J., & Ferrucci, L. (2010). Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Depressive Symptoms in Older Women and Men. Endocrinology, 151(6), 2958-2959.
Norelli, L., Coates, A., & Kovasznay, B. (2010). A comparison of 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels in acute and long-stay psychiatric inpatients: A preliminary investigation. E-SPEN, The European E- Journal Of Clinical Nutrition And Metabolism, 5(4), e187-e189.
Valipour, G., Saneei, P., & Esmaillzadeh, A. (2014). Serum Vitamin D Levels in Relation to Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 99(10), 3863-3872.
Downloads
Published
2016-06-30
How to Cite
Mohamed, J. B., & Haji, S. S. (2016). The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Patients With Schizophrenia in Duhok City. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 4(1), 32–36. Retrieved from https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz/article/view/302
Issue
Section
Science Journal of University of Zakho
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0] that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work, with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online.
