Using Foliar Application of Fe and GA3 to Improve Growth of Two Olive cv. (Olea europaea ) Transplants.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2018.6.3.510Keywords:
Olive cultivars, Fe, GA3, Growth charactersAbstract
This investigation was carried out in the lath house of the nursery of Malta station/ Duhok. Kurdistan region, Iraq. During the growing season of 2017, to study the effect of the different concentrations of Fe (0, 10 and 20 mg.L -1) and GA3 (0 , 500 and 1000 mg.L-1) on vegetative growth, roots length and leaves nutrients content of one year old of two olive cultivars (Nebali and Bashike) transplantings. The results appear that Nebali cultivar significantly dominated in stem length (cm), stem diameter(mm), branch length(cm), leaves number, root length(cm), N(%), K(%), P(%) and Fe(mg.L-1), Baeshike cultivar dominate in leaf area (cm2), stem length(cm) , shoot root ratio(%), root length(cm) and K (%) were significantly increased with the increase the GA3 to 1000 mg.L-1. Foliar application of GA3 at 500 mg.L-1 significantly increased branch length (cm) and P (%). The transplants sprayed with the Fe in 10 mg.L-1 only significantly effect on the Fe % content but spray transplants with the Fe at 20 mg.L-1 had significantly affected on stem diameter(mm), leave number root length(cm) and N(%). Most of the interactions (cultivar × Fe and cultivar × GA3) showed significant effects on the most studied characteristics.
References
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Al-Khafaji, M. A. and Muslat, M. M. (1995). Effect of GA3 on fruit set and yield of Citrus Limon ‘Burmann’ CVS. Mahalee. J. Taqany-Taqania Res. 29: 126-141.
Al-Mousawi, A.A. (2013). Response of two young trees cultivars to N.P.K. fertilization and foliar application of GA3. M. Sci. Thesis, Coll. of Agaric. Univ.of Baghdad., Iraq. pp. 102.
Al-Rawi, K. M. and Khalaf-Alla, A.(1980). Analysis of Experimental Agriculture Disgen. Dar Al-Kutub for Printing and Publishing. Mosul Univ. (In Arabic).
Anjanaw, S. R., Kanpure,R. N., Kachouli, B. K. and Mandloi, D. S. (2013). Effect of plant growth regulators and growth media on seed germination and growth vigour of papaya. Ann. Plant Soil Res., 15(1): 31-34.
Bhandari, A. R. and Randhawa, N. S. (1985). Distribution of available micronulrients in soil of apple orchards in Mimachal Paradesh. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci.33:171-174.
Boskou, D. (1996). Olive Oil: Chemistry and Technology. Champaign: AOCS Press.
Brittenham, G.M. (1994). New Advances in Iron Metabolism, Iron Deficiency and Iron Overload. Current Opinion in Hematology, 1: 549-556.
Clouse, S.D. and Sasse, J.M. (1998). Brassinosteroids:Essential regulators of plant growth anddevelopment. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol.Biol., 49: 427-451.
Desouky, I.M, Shaltout, A.D, Haggag, L. F, Fouad, A. A. and Farahat, E. M.M. (2016). Influence of spraying Kalmata and Picual olive trees with GA3 and ZnSO4 on leaf nutrient status and chlorophyll content. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 7(5):141-150.
Drovnic, C. E., Howell, G. S. and Elore, A. j. (1965). Influence of crop load on photosynthesis and dry mater partitioning at several grapevines II. Seasonal change in single leaf and whole vine photosynthesis. Amer. J. End. Vitic. 46(40): 469-477.
El-Kassas. E., Mahamoud, H.M. and El-Shazly, S.M. (1987). Effect of
certain micronutrient on the yield and fruit quality of Balady mandarin. Assiut. J. Agric. Sci., 18(4): 235-253.
El-Sabagh, A.S. and Mostafa, E.A.(2003). Effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) treatments on vegetative growth, flowering density and fruiting of Anna apple cultivar. Alex. J. Agric. Res. 48 (2):75-86.
El-Shenawy, I. E. (2005): Effect of inflorescences thinning spraying of some fertilizers and growth regulators on growth and productivity of Keitt Mango trees. Egypt . J. Appl. Sci., 20 (2): 182-196.
FAO. (2008). The Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available in: http://faostat.fao.org [8 June, 2009].
Francis, D and Srrell, D.A. (2001). The interface between the cell cycle and plant growth.
Friedrich, W.L. (1978). Fossil plants from Weichselian interstadials, Santorini (Greece) II, published in the "Thera and the Aegean World II", London, pp: 109–128. Retrieved on 2011-12-07.
Garcia J.K., Linan, J., Sarmiento, R. and Troncoso, A. (1999). Effects of different N forms and concentrations on olive seedlings growth. Acta Hort. 474: 323-327.
Gindia, H. (2003). Physiology of Fruit Trees. Dar Al Arabia for publication and distribution, the Arab Republic of Egypt.pp.471
Goss, J. A. (1973). Physiology of plants and their cells. Pargamon prees. Inc. New York. USA.
Gul, H., Khattak, A.M. and Amin, N. (2006). Accelerating the growth of Araucaria heterophylla seedlings through different gibberellic acid concentrations and nitrogen levels. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 1: 25-29.
Gyana R. R. and Sunita, S. (2015) Role Of Iron In Plant Growth And Metabolism. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 003, Odisha, India.
Hansch, R. and Mendel, R. R. (2009). Physiological functions of mineral micronutrients(Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, N, Mo, B) curr. Opin. Plant biol. 12,259.266.
Harshavardhan, A. and Rajasekhar, M. (2012). Effect of pre-sowing seed treatments on seedling growth of jackfruit.(Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam). J. Res. Angrau. 40(4): 87-89
Hassan, A. K. and Atawia, A. R. (1995). Effect of foliar sprays with some mineral elements on growth and leaf mineral content of avocado seedlings. Annals Agric. Sci. 40 (2): 787 – 797.
Hassan, H.S.A., Sarrwy, S.M.A. and Mostafa, E.A.M. (2010). Effect of foliar spraying with liquid organic fertilizer, some micronutrients and gibberellins on leaf mineral content, fruitset, yield, fruit quality of ‘Hollywood’ plum trees. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 1(4): 638-643.
Kailis, S.G. and Harris, D. (2007). Producing table Effect of Foliar Sprays with Potassium Nitrate and olives. National Library of Australia Cataloguing in Mono-potassium Phosphate on leaf mineral Publication Entry, pp: 345.
Marschner, H. (1986). Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic press. London, p. 674.
Marschner, H. (1995).Mineral nutrient of higher plants. Second Ed., Academic Press Limited. Harcourt Brace and Company, Publishers, London, pp. 347-364.
Morales, F., Abadía, A. and Abadía J. (1994). Iron deficiency‐induced changes in the photosynthetic pigment composition of field‐grown pear (Pyrus communis L.) leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment 17, 1153–1160.
Mostafa, E. A. M and Saleh, M. M. S. (2006). Influence of spraying with gibberellicacid on behavior of “Anna “apple trees. J.Appl. Sci. Res., 2(8): 477-483.
Ramezani, S. and Shekafandeh, A. (2009). Roles of gibberellic acid and zinc sulphate in increasing size and weight of olive fruit. African J. Biotechnology, 8 (24): 6791-6794 .
Romheld, and Marschner. (1991). Function of micronutrients in plants. In: Mortvedt, p.297-3328.
Rosenvasser, S., S. and Friedman M. H. (2006). Increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and insenescence associated gene transcript (SAG) levels during dark induced senescence ofPelargonium cuttings, and the effect of gibberellic acid. Plant Sci., 170: 873-879.
Samaranayake, P., Peiris, B. and Dssanayake, S. (2012) Effect of excessive ferrous (Fe 2+) on growth and iron content in rice (Oryza sativa). Int. J. Agri. Biol., 14: 296-298.
SAS Institute, Inc (2000). Statistical analysis system. SAS institute Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Schmidt, W. (1993). Iron stress-induced redox reactions in bean roots. Physiol. Plantarum, 89: 448-452
Shaban, A.E.A. (2010). Improving seed germination and seedling growth of some mango rootstocks. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 7(5): 535-541.
Shayal Alalam, A.T.M .(2009). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and gibberellic, ascorbic acids and liquorice root extract spray on young peach trees CV. Dixie red growth. MSc. Thesis, Coll. of Agaric. Mosul Univ., Iraq.pp. 98.
Shayal Alalam, A.T.M. (2013). Effect of Foliar Spray with Seaweed Extract Kelpak 40 and Cheleated Iron on the Growth of Loquat Seedling. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture. 41( 2) : 39-47.
Shanmugavelu, K. G. (1966). Studies on the effect of plant growth regulator on the seedling of some tree plant species. South Indian Hort., 14: 24-25.
Sen, S. K. and Ghunti, P. (1976). Effect of pre-sowing seed treatment on the germination and seedling growth in papaya. Orissa J. Hort., 4: 38-43.
Soest, P. J. V. (2012). Influence of foliar application of some nutrient (Fertifol Misr) and gibberellic acid on fruit set, yield, fruit quality and leaf composition of “Anna” apple trees grown in sandy soil. International Journal of Agr. and Env.3 (1):17-23.
Steven, J. M. (1994). Exogenous Gibberellin Effects Biennial Bearing And Fruit Shape Of 'Braeburn' Apple. Newzeland J. Crop HortSci. 22: 343-346.
Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger (2002). Plant physiology. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA. P: 461-492.
Vasantha, P. T., Vijendrakumar, R. C., Guruprasad, T. R., Hanumanthaiah, M. R. and Muttappanavr, R. D. (2014). Studies on influence of growth regulators and nutrient foliar spray on seedling growth of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.). Asian J. Hort., 9(1): 206-209.
Yang D.S., H.X Guo and J.X.Wang, (2007). Cultivation and Development ofOlive in Sichuan, Sichuan Science and Technology Press, Chengdu.
Yousefzadeh, S. and Sabaghnia, N. (2016) (Nano-iron fertilizer effects on some plant traits of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under different sowing densities) DOI: 10.14720/aas.107.2.15.
Zuo, Y. and Zhang, F. (2011) Soil and crop management strategies to prevent iron deficiency in crops. Plant Soil, 339: 83-95.
Zocchi, G., De Nisi, P., Dell’Orto, M., Espen, L. and Gallina, P.M. (2007). Iron deficiency differently affects metabolic responses in soybean roots. J Exp Bot 58: 993–1000.
Al-Abbassy, L. B. H. (2009). Effect of Foliar Application of Chelated Zinc, Gibberellic Acid and Kinetin on Vegetative Growth of Zaghinia Apricot Seedlings Prunus armeniaca L. MSc. Thesis, Coll. of Agaric. Mosul Univ., Iraq. pp. 91.
Al-Hamadany, N.A.A. (2009). Effect of Gibberellic acid, Kinetin and NPK on seeds germination and seedlings growth Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.). M. Sci. Thesis, Coll. of Agric., Mosul Univ., Iraq. pp.91 .
Al-Khafaji, M. A. (2014). Plant Growth Regulators, Application and Utilization in Horticulture. Bookstore for Printing publishing and translating. University of Baghdad. Iraq.pp.348.
Al-Khafaji, M. A. and Muslat, M. M. (1995). Effect of GA3 on fruit set and yield of Citrus Limon ‘Burmann’ CVS. Mahalee. J. Taqany-Taqania Res. 29: 126-141.
Al-Mousawi, A.A. (2013). Response of two young trees cultivars to N.P.K. fertilization and foliar application of GA3. M. Sci. Thesis, Coll. of Agaric. Univ.of Baghdad., Iraq. pp. 102.
Al-Rawi, K. M. and Khalaf-Alla, A.(1980). Analysis of Experimental Agriculture Disgen. Dar Al-Kutub for Printing and Publishing. Mosul Univ. (In Arabic).
Anjanaw, S. R., Kanpure,R. N., Kachouli, B. K. and Mandloi, D. S. (2013). Effect of plant growth regulators and growth media on seed germination and growth vigour of papaya. Ann. Plant Soil Res., 15(1): 31-34.
Bhandari, A. R. and Randhawa, N. S. (1985). Distribution of available micronulrients in soil of apple orchards in Mimachal Paradesh. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci.33:171-174.
Boskou, D. (1996). Olive Oil: Chemistry and Technology. Champaign: AOCS Press.
Brittenham, G.M. (1994). New Advances in Iron Metabolism, Iron Deficiency and Iron Overload. Current Opinion in Hematology, 1: 549-556.
Clouse, S.D. and Sasse, J.M. (1998). Brassinosteroids:Essential regulators of plant growth anddevelopment. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol.Biol., 49: 427-451.
Desouky, I.M, Shaltout, A.D, Haggag, L. F, Fouad, A. A. and Farahat, E. M.M. (2016). Influence of spraying Kalmata and Picual olive trees with GA3 and ZnSO4 on leaf nutrient status and chlorophyll content. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 7(5):141-150.
Drovnic, C. E., Howell, G. S. and Elore, A. j. (1965). Influence of crop load on photosynthesis and dry mater partitioning at several grapevines II. Seasonal change in single leaf and whole vine photosynthesis. Amer. J. End. Vitic. 46(40): 469-477.
El-Kassas. E., Mahamoud, H.M. and El-Shazly, S.M. (1987). Effect of
certain micronutrient on the yield and fruit quality of Balady mandarin. Assiut. J. Agric. Sci., 18(4): 235-253.
El-Sabagh, A.S. and Mostafa, E.A.(2003). Effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) treatments on vegetative growth, flowering density and fruiting of Anna apple cultivar. Alex. J. Agric. Res. 48 (2):75-86.
El-Shenawy, I. E. (2005): Effect of inflorescences thinning spraying of some fertilizers and growth regulators on growth and productivity of Keitt Mango trees. Egypt . J. Appl. Sci., 20 (2): 182-196.
FAO. (2008). The Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available in: http://faostat.fao.org [8 June, 2009].
Francis, D and Srrell, D.A. (2001). The interface between the cell cycle and plant growth.
Friedrich, W.L. (1978). Fossil plants from Weichselian interstadials, Santorini (Greece) II, published in the "Thera and the Aegean World II", London, pp: 109–128. Retrieved on 2011-12-07.
Garcia J.K., Linan, J., Sarmiento, R. and Troncoso, A. (1999). Effects of different N forms and concentrations on olive seedlings growth. Acta Hort. 474: 323-327.
Gindia, H. (2003). Physiology of Fruit Trees. Dar Al Arabia for publication and distribution, the Arab Republic of Egypt.pp.471
Goss, J. A. (1973). Physiology of plants and their cells. Pargamon prees. Inc. New York. USA.
Gul, H., Khattak, A.M. and Amin, N. (2006). Accelerating the growth of Araucaria heterophylla seedlings through different gibberellic acid concentrations and nitrogen levels. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 1: 25-29.
Gyana R. R. and Sunita, S. (2015) Role Of Iron In Plant Growth And Metabolism. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 003, Odisha, India.
Hansch, R. and Mendel, R. R. (2009). Physiological functions of mineral micronutrients(Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, N, Mo, B) curr. Opin. Plant biol. 12,259.266.
Harshavardhan, A. and Rajasekhar, M. (2012). Effect of pre-sowing seed treatments on seedling growth of jackfruit.(Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam). J. Res. Angrau. 40(4): 87-89
Hassan, A. K. and Atawia, A. R. (1995). Effect of foliar sprays with some mineral elements on growth and leaf mineral content of avocado seedlings. Annals Agric. Sci. 40 (2): 787 – 797.
Hassan, H.S.A., Sarrwy, S.M.A. and Mostafa, E.A.M. (2010). Effect of foliar spraying with liquid organic fertilizer, some micronutrients and gibberellins on leaf mineral content, fruitset, yield, fruit quality of ‘Hollywood’ plum trees. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 1(4): 638-643.
Kailis, S.G. and Harris, D. (2007). Producing table Effect of Foliar Sprays with Potassium Nitrate and olives. National Library of Australia Cataloguing in Mono-potassium Phosphate on leaf mineral Publication Entry, pp: 345.
Marschner, H. (1986). Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic press. London, p. 674.
Marschner, H. (1995).Mineral nutrient of higher plants. Second Ed., Academic Press Limited. Harcourt Brace and Company, Publishers, London, pp. 347-364.
Morales, F., Abadía, A. and Abadía J. (1994). Iron deficiency‐induced changes in the photosynthetic pigment composition of field‐grown pear (Pyrus communis L.) leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment 17, 1153–1160.
Mostafa, E. A. M and Saleh, M. M. S. (2006). Influence of spraying with gibberellicacid on behavior of “Anna “apple trees. J.Appl. Sci. Res., 2(8): 477-483.
Ramezani, S. and Shekafandeh, A. (2009). Roles of gibberellic acid and zinc sulphate in increasing size and weight of olive fruit. African J. Biotechnology, 8 (24): 6791-6794 .
Romheld, and Marschner. (1991). Function of micronutrients in plants. In: Mortvedt, p.297-3328.
Rosenvasser, S., S. and Friedman M. H. (2006). Increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and insenescence associated gene transcript (SAG) levels during dark induced senescence ofPelargonium cuttings, and the effect of gibberellic acid. Plant Sci., 170: 873-879.
Samaranayake, P., Peiris, B. and Dssanayake, S. (2012) Effect of excessive ferrous (Fe 2+) on growth and iron content in rice (Oryza sativa). Int. J. Agri. Biol., 14: 296-298.
SAS Institute, Inc (2000). Statistical analysis system. SAS institute Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Schmidt, W. (1993). Iron stress-induced redox reactions in bean roots. Physiol. Plantarum, 89: 448-452
Shaban, A.E.A. (2010). Improving seed germination and seedling growth of some mango rootstocks. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 7(5): 535-541.
Shayal Alalam, A.T.M .(2009). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and gibberellic, ascorbic acids and liquorice root extract spray on young peach trees CV. Dixie red growth. MSc. Thesis, Coll. of Agaric. Mosul Univ., Iraq.pp. 98.
Shayal Alalam, A.T.M. (2013). Effect of Foliar Spray with Seaweed Extract Kelpak 40 and Cheleated Iron on the Growth of Loquat Seedling. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture. 41( 2) : 39-47.
Shanmugavelu, K. G. (1966). Studies on the effect of plant growth regulator on the seedling of some tree plant species. South Indian Hort., 14: 24-25.
Sen, S. K. and Ghunti, P. (1976). Effect of pre-sowing seed treatment on the germination and seedling growth in papaya. Orissa J. Hort., 4: 38-43.
Soest, P. J. V. (2012). Influence of foliar application of some nutrient (Fertifol Misr) and gibberellic acid on fruit set, yield, fruit quality and leaf composition of “Anna” apple trees grown in sandy soil. International Journal of Agr. and Env.3 (1):17-23.
Steven, J. M. (1994). Exogenous Gibberellin Effects Biennial Bearing And Fruit Shape Of 'Braeburn' Apple. Newzeland J. Crop HortSci. 22: 343-346.
Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger (2002). Plant physiology. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA. P: 461-492.
Vasantha, P. T., Vijendrakumar, R. C., Guruprasad, T. R., Hanumanthaiah, M. R. and Muttappanavr, R. D. (2014). Studies on influence of growth regulators and nutrient foliar spray on seedling growth of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.). Asian J. Hort., 9(1): 206-209.
Yang D.S., H.X Guo and J.X.Wang, (2007). Cultivation and Development ofOlive in Sichuan, Sichuan Science and Technology Press, Chengdu.
Yousefzadeh, S. and Sabaghnia, N. (2016) (Nano-iron fertilizer effects on some plant traits of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under different sowing densities) DOI: 10.14720/aas.107.2.15.
Zuo, Y. and Zhang, F. (2011) Soil and crop management strategies to prevent iron deficiency in crops. Plant Soil, 339: 83-95.
Zocchi, G., De Nisi, P., Dell’Orto, M., Espen, L. and Gallina, P.M. (2007). Iron deficiency differently affects metabolic responses in soybean roots. J Exp Bot 58: 993–1000.
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2018-09-30
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Al-Bamarny, S. F., & Abdulrhman, A. S. (2018). Using Foliar Application of Fe and GA3 to Improve Growth of Two Olive cv. (Olea europaea ) Transplants. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 6(3), 89–93. https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2018.6.3.510
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