Effects of Nano Silver Particles and Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Some Physiological Characteristics of Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2021.9.2.789Keywords:
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb, Germination, Gibberellin, Nano Silver, Peroxidase Enzyme and Vegetative GrowthAbstract
Recent studies show that Nanotechnology can be effectively used to enhance the characteristics of many types of trees including forest trees. Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb., which belongs to the Fabaceae family, is a forest tree that grows in dry land and water conservation areas. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of nano silver (NS) at (0, 30, 60 and 90 mg/L) and gibberellic acid (GA3) at (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L) concentrations on seed performance and subsequent growth of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. The results reveal the enhancement of germination rate and velocity by using GA3 at 100 and 200 mg/L. NS90 treatment increased each of shoot and root fresh and dry weight, leaf area and plant height whereas GA50 treatment increased number of branches per plant and primary root length. Non-significant differences between treatments on Peroxidase enzyme activity and chlorophyll a content was observed whereas NS30 had the highest chlorophyll b and lowest total carotenoids. Shoot and root contents of some essential and non-essential elements differed between treatments. In roots, N90 treatment increased each of Cu and Mn elements, but it decreased Cl content. Although GA100 treatment increased Cl content, it decreased Mn. The paper concludes that the applications of nano-silver and GA3 on Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. have significant effects on its growth and physiological parameters.
References
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Bhattacharya, M., Singh, A. and Ramrakhyani, C., 2014. "Dalbergia Sissoo-an important medical plant. " Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2(2):76-82.
Brataševec, K. 2013. Detremination of the actual uptake of essential nutrients by different parts of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Rebula. Dessertation. University of Nova Gorcia. Slovenia.
Delvadia, D. V., Ahlawat, T. R. and Meena, B. J. (2009). "Effect of different GA3 concentration and frequency on growth, flowering and yield in gaillardia (Gaillardia pulchella Foug.) cv. Lorenziana." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 4(1): 81-84.
El-Batal, A. I., Gharib, F. A. E. L., Ghazi, S. M., Hegazi, A. Z. and Hafz, A. G. M. A. E. (2016). "Physiological responses of two varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to foliar application of silver nanoparticles." Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 6: 13-29.
Haschke, M. (2014)." Laboratory micro-X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy,"Springer Series in Surface Sciences 55: 206.
Heera, P. and Shanmugam, S. (2015). "Nanoparticle characterization and application: an overview." Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci 4(8): 379-386.
Hojjat, S. S. and Hojjat, H. (2015). "Effect of nano silver on seed germination and seedling growth in Fenugreek seed." International Journal of Food Engineering 1(2): 106-110.
Hoque, M. and Haque, S. (2002). "Effects of GA3 and its mode of application on morphology and yield parameters of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.)." Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 5(3): 281-283.
Jasim, B., Thomas, R., Mathew, J. and Radhakrishnan, E. K. (2017). "Plant growth and diosgenin enhancement effect of silver nanoparticles in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)." Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 25(3): 443-447.
Joshi, S., Jaggi, V., Gangola, S., Singh, A., Sah, V.K. and Sahgal, M. 2021. "Contrasting rhizosphere bacterial communities of healthy and wilted Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb. forests. "Rhizosphere, 17:100295.
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Kandil, A. A., Sharief, A. E. M. and Mahmoud, A. S. A. (2011). "Reduction of flower dropping in some faba bean cultivars by growth regulators foliar application." Journal of Plant Production 2(11): 1439-1449.
Khader, S. E. S. A., Singh, B. P. and Khan, S. A. (1988). "Effect of GA3 as a post-harvest treatment of mango fruit on ripening, amylase and Peroxidase activity and quality during storage." Scientia Horticulturae 36(3-4): 261-266.
Khudhur, S. A., and Omer, T. J. (2015). Effect of NAA and IAA on stem cuttings of Dalbergia Sissoo (Roxb). Journal of Biology and Life Science, 6(2): 208-220.
Krishnaraj, C., Jagan, E. G., Ramachandran, R., Abirami, S. M., Nohan, N. and Kalaichelvan, P. T. (2012). "Effect of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles on Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Wettst. plant growth metabolism." Process Biochemistry 47(4): 651-658.
Kumar, V. K., Muthujrishnan, S. and Rajalakshmi, R. (2020)."Phytostimulatory effect of phytochemical fabricated nanosilver (AgNPs) on Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. seed germination: An insight from antioxidative enzyme activities and genetic similarity studies." Current Plant Biology 23: 100158.
Lalitha, J., Rafath, H. and Subash, M. (2016). "Effect of gibberellic acid and indole-3-acetic acid on seed germination performance of horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) Lam (Verdc)." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 1(2): 36-40.
Lichtenthaler, H. K. and Wellburn, A. R. (1983). Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents." Biochemical Society Trtansaction 11(5): 591–592.
Mazumdar, H. (2014). "The impact of silver nanoparticles on plant biomass and chlorophyll content."International Journal of Engineering and Science 4(7): 12-20.
Naqvi, S. A. H., Mushtaq, S., Malik, M. T., Umar, U.-D., Rehman, A., Fareed, S. and Zulfiqar, N. A. (2019). "Factors leading towards Dalbergia Sissoo decline (Syndrome) in Indian sub-continent: A critical review and future research agenda." Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 32(2): 302-316.
Nezih, M. (1985). "The Peroxidase enzyme activity of some vegetables and its resistance to heat". Food Agric. 36: 877–880.
Pik, H.O., Rolfe, S.A. and Willis, A.J. 2005. The Physiology of Flowering Plants. Fourth Edition. Cambridge University Press, UK.
Ranal, M. A. and Santana, D. G. d. (2006). "How and why to measure the germination process?" Brazilian Journal of Botany 29(1): 1-11.
Rodrigues, E. S., Gomes, M. H. F., Duran, N. M., Cassanji, J. G., Da Cruz, T. N. M., Neto, A. S., Savassa, S. M., Almeida, E. D. and De Carvalho, H. W. P. (2018). "Laboratory microprobe X-ray fluorescence in plant science: emerging applications and case studies." Frontiers in Plant Science 9: 1588.
Roychowdhury, R., Mamgain, A., Ray, S. and Tah, J. (2012). "Effect of gibberellic acid, kinetin and indole 3-acetic acid on seed germination performance of Dianthus caryophyllus (Carnation)." Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus 77(3): 157-160.
Sahandi, S. M., Sorooshzadeh, A., Rezazadeh, H. S. and Naghdibadi, H. A. (2011). "Effect of nano silver and silver nitrate on seed yield of borage." Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5(2): 171-175.
Salama, H. M. H. (2012). "Effects of silver nanoparticles in some crop plants, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and corn (Zea mays L.)."International Research Journal of Biotechnology 3(10): 190-197.
SAS. (2005). "statistical analysis system institute, cary NC, USA.
Sehra, Y.S. and Sharma, J. 2021. "Preventive potential of Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb. on dmba-induced skin carcinogenesis in mice." Plant Archives, 21(1):1852-1855.
Sehra, S.Y. and Sharma, J., 2018. "Pharmacological effects and medicinal importance of Dalbergia Sissoo- a review. " International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical & Biological Sciences, 8(2): 234-243.
Singh, D., Arya, S., Gupta, B., Kaushik, D., Arya, V.S., Kumar, U. and Singh, K., 2021. "Applications of Nanotechnology in Forest Management. " Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 21(6): 3466-3480.
Singh, G. and Kashyap, L. (2015). Effect of different hormones on plant attribute and yield of field pea (Pisum Sativum L.), Doctoral dissertation, Lovely Professional University. http://dspace.lpu.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/3593/1/11309054_6_26_2015%202_2039%20PM_thesis%20by%20gurjinder%20singh.pdf.
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Sweet, M. J. and Singleton, I. (2015). "Soil contamination with silver nanoparticles reduces Bishop pine growth and ectomycorrhizal diversity on pine roots." Journal of Nanoparticle Research 17(11): 448.
Tsai, D.S. and Arteca, R. N. (1985). "Effects of root applications of gibberellic acid on photosynthesis and growth in C3 and C4 plants." Photosynthesis Research 6(2): 147-157.
Wang, J., Koo, Y., Alexander, A., Yang, Y., Westerhof, S., Zhang, Q., Schnoor, J.L., Colvin, V.L., Braam, J. and Alvarez, P.J.( 2013)." Phytostimulation of poplars and Arabidopsis exposed to silver nanoparticles and Ag+ at sublethal concentrations. "Environmental Science and Technology 47(10): 5442-5449.
Watson, D. J. and Watson, M. A. (1953). "Comparative physiological studies on the growth of field crops: iii. the effect of infection with beet yellows and beet mosaic viruses on the growth and yield of the sugar‐beet root crop." Annals of Applied Biology 40(1): 1-37.
Yan, A. and Chen, Z. 2019. Impacts of silver nanoparticles on plants: a focus on the phytotoxicity and underlying mechanism. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(5): 1003.
Yang, J., Cao, W. and Rui, Y. (2017). Interactions between nanoparticles and plants: phytotoxicity and defense mechanisms. Journal of Plant Interactions 12(1):158-169.
Yaseen, A. A. M., Khalidah, M. S., Basim, S. and Wasan, M. H. (2016). "Effect of foliar spray of nano silver and organic fertilizer (Algastar) and salicylic acid on some morphological characteristics and carbohydrate content in (Helianthus annuus L.)." Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International 9(3): 1-7.
Zare, Z., Pishkar, L., Iranbakhsh, A. and Talei, D. (2020). "Physiological and molecular effects of silver nanoparticles exposure on purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). "Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 67: 521-528.
Ahmadloo, F., Tabari, M., Yousefzadeh, H., Kooch,Y. and Rahmani, A. (2012). "Effects of soil nutrient on seedling performance of Arizona cypress and medite cypress." Annals of Biological Research 3(3): 1369-1380.
Al-Hawezy, S. M. N. (2013). "The role of the different concentrations of GA3 on seed germination and seedling growth of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.)." IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 4(5): 3-6.Al-Imam, N. M. A. A. (2007). "Effect of soaking periods, gibberellic acid, and benzyladenine on pistachio seeds germination and subsequent seedling growth (Pistacia vera L.)." Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 35(2): 2-8.
Al-Sahaf, F. H. (1989). "Applied Plant Nutrition". Baghdad, Al-Hikma House. [In Arabic].
Awatif S. Ali and Alaaeldin A. Elozeiri. 2017. Metabolic Processes During Seed Germination, Advances in Seed Biology, Jose C. Jimenez-Lopez, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.70653.Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/advances-in-seed-biology/metabolic-processes-during-seed-germination
Azimi, R., Borzelabad, M.J., Feizi, H. and Azimi, A. 2014. Interaction of SiO2 nanoparticles with seed prechilling on germination and early seedling growth of tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum L.), Pol. J. Chem. Technol. 16: 9–25.
Bhattacharya, M., Singh, A. and Ramrakhyani, C., 2014. "Dalbergia Sissoo-an important medical plant. " Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2(2):76-82.
Brataševec, K. 2013. Detremination of the actual uptake of essential nutrients by different parts of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Rebula. Dessertation. University of Nova Gorcia. Slovenia.
Delvadia, D. V., Ahlawat, T. R. and Meena, B. J. (2009). "Effect of different GA3 concentration and frequency on growth, flowering and yield in gaillardia (Gaillardia pulchella Foug.) cv. Lorenziana." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 4(1): 81-84.
El-Batal, A. I., Gharib, F. A. E. L., Ghazi, S. M., Hegazi, A. Z. and Hafz, A. G. M. A. E. (2016). "Physiological responses of two varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to foliar application of silver nanoparticles." Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 6: 13-29.
Haschke, M. (2014)." Laboratory micro-X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy,"Springer Series in Surface Sciences 55: 206.
Heera, P. and Shanmugam, S. (2015). "Nanoparticle characterization and application: an overview." Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci 4(8): 379-386.
Hojjat, S. S. and Hojjat, H. (2015). "Effect of nano silver on seed germination and seedling growth in Fenugreek seed." International Journal of Food Engineering 1(2): 106-110.
Hoque, M. and Haque, S. (2002). "Effects of GA3 and its mode of application on morphology and yield parameters of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.)." Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 5(3): 281-283.
Jasim, B., Thomas, R., Mathew, J. and Radhakrishnan, E. K. (2017). "Plant growth and diosgenin enhancement effect of silver nanoparticles in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)." Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 25(3): 443-447.
Joshi, S., Jaggi, V., Gangola, S., Singh, A., Sah, V.K. and Sahgal, M. 2021. "Contrasting rhizosphere bacterial communities of healthy and wilted Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb. forests. "Rhizosphere, 17:100295.
Joslyn, M. A. (1970). "Analítico: Methods in food analysis. Physical, chemical, and instrumental methods of analysis 2nd Edition. New York, Academic press: 844.
Kandil, A. A., Sharief, A. E. M. and Mahmoud, A. S. A. (2011). "Reduction of flower dropping in some faba bean cultivars by growth regulators foliar application." Journal of Plant Production 2(11): 1439-1449.
Khader, S. E. S. A., Singh, B. P. and Khan, S. A. (1988). "Effect of GA3 as a post-harvest treatment of mango fruit on ripening, amylase and Peroxidase activity and quality during storage." Scientia Horticulturae 36(3-4): 261-266.
Khudhur, S. A., and Omer, T. J. (2015). Effect of NAA and IAA on stem cuttings of Dalbergia Sissoo (Roxb). Journal of Biology and Life Science, 6(2): 208-220.
Krishnaraj, C., Jagan, E. G., Ramachandran, R., Abirami, S. M., Nohan, N. and Kalaichelvan, P. T. (2012). "Effect of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles on Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Wettst. plant growth metabolism." Process Biochemistry 47(4): 651-658.
Kumar, V. K., Muthujrishnan, S. and Rajalakshmi, R. (2020)."Phytostimulatory effect of phytochemical fabricated nanosilver (AgNPs) on Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. seed germination: An insight from antioxidative enzyme activities and genetic similarity studies." Current Plant Biology 23: 100158.
Lalitha, J., Rafath, H. and Subash, M. (2016). "Effect of gibberellic acid and indole-3-acetic acid on seed germination performance of horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) Lam (Verdc)." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 1(2): 36-40.
Lichtenthaler, H. K. and Wellburn, A. R. (1983). Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents." Biochemical Society Trtansaction 11(5): 591–592.
Mazumdar, H. (2014). "The impact of silver nanoparticles on plant biomass and chlorophyll content."International Journal of Engineering and Science 4(7): 12-20.
Naqvi, S. A. H., Mushtaq, S., Malik, M. T., Umar, U.-D., Rehman, A., Fareed, S. and Zulfiqar, N. A. (2019). "Factors leading towards Dalbergia Sissoo decline (Syndrome) in Indian sub-continent: A critical review and future research agenda." Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 32(2): 302-316.
Nezih, M. (1985). "The Peroxidase enzyme activity of some vegetables and its resistance to heat". Food Agric. 36: 877–880.
Pik, H.O., Rolfe, S.A. and Willis, A.J. 2005. The Physiology of Flowering Plants. Fourth Edition. Cambridge University Press, UK.
Ranal, M. A. and Santana, D. G. d. (2006). "How and why to measure the germination process?" Brazilian Journal of Botany 29(1): 1-11.
Rodrigues, E. S., Gomes, M. H. F., Duran, N. M., Cassanji, J. G., Da Cruz, T. N. M., Neto, A. S., Savassa, S. M., Almeida, E. D. and De Carvalho, H. W. P. (2018). "Laboratory microprobe X-ray fluorescence in plant science: emerging applications and case studies." Frontiers in Plant Science 9: 1588.
Roychowdhury, R., Mamgain, A., Ray, S. and Tah, J. (2012). "Effect of gibberellic acid, kinetin and indole 3-acetic acid on seed germination performance of Dianthus caryophyllus (Carnation)." Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus 77(3): 157-160.
Sahandi, S. M., Sorooshzadeh, A., Rezazadeh, H. S. and Naghdibadi, H. A. (2011). "Effect of nano silver and silver nitrate on seed yield of borage." Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5(2): 171-175.
Salama, H. M. H. (2012). "Effects of silver nanoparticles in some crop plants, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and corn (Zea mays L.)."International Research Journal of Biotechnology 3(10): 190-197.
SAS. (2005). "statistical analysis system institute, cary NC, USA.
Sehra, Y.S. and Sharma, J. 2021. "Preventive potential of Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb. on dmba-induced skin carcinogenesis in mice." Plant Archives, 21(1):1852-1855.
Sehra, S.Y. and Sharma, J., 2018. "Pharmacological effects and medicinal importance of Dalbergia Sissoo- a review. " International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical & Biological Sciences, 8(2): 234-243.
Singh, D., Arya, S., Gupta, B., Kaushik, D., Arya, V.S., Kumar, U. and Singh, K., 2021. "Applications of Nanotechnology in Forest Management. " Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 21(6): 3466-3480.
Singh, G. and Kashyap, L. (2015). Effect of different hormones on plant attribute and yield of field pea (Pisum Sativum L.), Doctoral dissertation, Lovely Professional University. http://dspace.lpu.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/3593/1/11309054_6_26_2015%202_2039%20PM_thesis%20by%20gurjinder%20singh.pdf.
Stirk, W.A., Tarkowská, D., Gruz, J., Strnad, M., Ördög, V. and van Staden, J. (2019). "Effect of gibberellins on growth and biochemical constituents in Chlorella minutissima (Trebouxiophyceae). "South African Journal of Botany 126(2019): 92-98.
Sweet, M. J. and Singleton, I. (2015). "Soil contamination with silver nanoparticles reduces Bishop pine growth and ectomycorrhizal diversity on pine roots." Journal of Nanoparticle Research 17(11): 448.
Tsai, D.S. and Arteca, R. N. (1985). "Effects of root applications of gibberellic acid on photosynthesis and growth in C3 and C4 plants." Photosynthesis Research 6(2): 147-157.
Wang, J., Koo, Y., Alexander, A., Yang, Y., Westerhof, S., Zhang, Q., Schnoor, J.L., Colvin, V.L., Braam, J. and Alvarez, P.J.( 2013)." Phytostimulation of poplars and Arabidopsis exposed to silver nanoparticles and Ag+ at sublethal concentrations. "Environmental Science and Technology 47(10): 5442-5449.
Watson, D. J. and Watson, M. A. (1953). "Comparative physiological studies on the growth of field crops: iii. the effect of infection with beet yellows and beet mosaic viruses on the growth and yield of the sugar‐beet root crop." Annals of Applied Biology 40(1): 1-37.
Yan, A. and Chen, Z. 2019. Impacts of silver nanoparticles on plants: a focus on the phytotoxicity and underlying mechanism. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(5): 1003.
Yang, J., Cao, W. and Rui, Y. (2017). Interactions between nanoparticles and plants: phytotoxicity and defense mechanisms. Journal of Plant Interactions 12(1):158-169.
Yaseen, A. A. M., Khalidah, M. S., Basim, S. and Wasan, M. H. (2016). "Effect of foliar spray of nano silver and organic fertilizer (Algastar) and salicylic acid on some morphological characteristics and carbohydrate content in (Helianthus annuus L.)." Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International 9(3): 1-7.
Zare, Z., Pishkar, L., Iranbakhsh, A. and Talei, D. (2020). "Physiological and molecular effects of silver nanoparticles exposure on purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). "Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 67: 521-528.
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2021-06-30
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Swara, B. J., & Al-barzinji, I. M. (2021). Effects of Nano Silver Particles and Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Some Physiological Characteristics of Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 9(2), 102–108. https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2021.9.2.789
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