Characterization of Five Microsatellite Markers For Genetic Diversity Structure Analysis of Walnut (Juglans Regia L) in Five Village in Duhok Province
Keywords:
Genetic diversity, Duhok, Microsatellites, Walnut, PopulationAbstract
Five microsatellites markers (WGA202, WGA009, WGA332, WGA225 and WGA069) were used to characterize Persian walnuts (Juglans regia L.) populations in five villages (Sharanesh, Bedohe, Kanizarke (Akre), Kashane and Kuzo) of Duhok province. The microsatellites amplified (PCR products) a total of 186 alleles across all populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 alleles in Sharanesh and Kashane populations to 10 alleles also in Sharanesh and Kashane populations, with an average of 7.4. The molecular sizes of the amplified bands ranged from 158 bp to 289 bp in all populations. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) within populations ranged from 0.59 at WGA225 to 0.65 in the locus WGA202 with an average of 0.61. The PIC value (0.88) indicated that all markers were highly informative and useful for genetic diversity studies in these populations. The proportion of genetic variation presented among populations accounted for 8.4% of the total genetic diversity so it indicated a moderate level of genetic diversity between populations. The Fis average 0.24 indicated that, there was a regular tendency toward heterozygote deficiency and indicated the presence of inbreeding within the populations. The phylogenetic analysis or unrooted neighbor-joining tree highlighted the genetic distance among those five populations and separated them into two main groups placing each population according to its genetic background. The first group consists of populations Bedohe and Sharanesh in one subgroup and Kashane in second subgroup. The second group consists of populations Akre and Kuzo.
References
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Vyas, D., S. K. Sharma, and D. R. Sharma. 2003. Genetic structure of walnut genotypes using leaf isozymes as variability measure. Sci Hort. 97:141–152.
Wang, H. and D. Pei. 2008. Genetic diversity and structure of walnut populations in Central and Southwestern China revealed by microsatellite markers. J Am Soc Hortic Sci. 133:197–203.
Weir, B. S and C. C. Cockerham. 1984. Estimating F-statistics for theanalysis of population structure. Evolution. 38:1358–1370.
Weising K., H, Nybom., K, Wolff and W, Meyer 1995 DNA fingerprinting in plants and fungi. CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, Florida
Woeste, K., R. Burns., O. Rhodes, and C. Michler. 2002. Thirty polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci from black walnut. J Hered. 93:58–60.
Yan-Min, W., L. Ying., D. Feng-Xiang, and X. Sheng-Ke. 2000. Study on different ecological types of Chinese walnut (Juglans regia) using RAPD markers. J Beij For Univ. 22:23–27.
Zenelli G., H, Kola and M, Dida 2005 Phenotypic variation in native walnut populations of Northern Albania. Sci Hort 105:91–100
Bassam, B. J., G. C. Anollés., P. M. Gresshoff. 1991. Fast and sensitive silver staining of DNA in polyacrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem. 196: 80–83.
Bayazit, S., K. Kazan., S. Gulbitti., V. Çevik., H. Ayanoglu, and A. Ergul. 2007. AFLP analysis of genetic diversity in low chill requiring walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes from Hatay, Turkey. Sci Hort. 111:394–398.
Botstein, D., R. L. White., M. Skolnick, and R. W. Davis. 1980. Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms, American Journal of Human Genetics. 32: 314-331.
Busov, V. B., G. Rink, and K. E. Woeste. 2002. Allozyme variation and mating system of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) in the central hardwood region of the United States. For Genet 9:319–327.
Ciarmiello, L. F., P. Piccirillo., G. Pontecorvo., A. D. Luca., I. Kafantaris, and P. Woodrow. 2011. A PCR based SNPs marker for specific characterization of English walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars. Mol Biol Rep. 38:1237–1249.
Coulson, T. N., J. M. Pemberton., S. D. Albon., M. Beaumont., T. C. Marshall., J. Slate., F. E. Guinness, and T. H. Clutton-Brock. 1998. Microsatellites reveal heterosis in red deer. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 265:489-495.
Dangl, G. S., K. Woeste., M. K. Aradhya., A. Koehmstedt., C. Simon., D. Potter., C. A. Leslie, and G. McGranahan. 2005. Characterization of 14 microsatellite markers for genetic analysis and cultivar identification of walnut. J Am Soc Hort Sci. 130:348–354.
Doyle, J.J. and J.L. Doyle. 1987. A rapid DNA isolation procedure from small quantities of fresh leaf tissues. Phytochem. Bull. 19:11–15.
Ebrahimi. A., R. Fatahi, and Z. Zamani. 2011. Analysis of genetic diversity among some Persian walnut genotypes (Juglans regia L.) using morphological traits and SSRs markers Scientia. Sci Hortic.130:146–151.
Fjellstrom, R. G, and D. E. Parfitt. 1995. Phylogenetic analysis and evolution of the genus Juglans (Juglandaceae) as determined from nuclear genome RFLPs. Plant Syst Evol. 197:19–32.
Fornari, B., M. E. Malvolti., D. Taurchini., S. Fineschi., I. Beritognolo., E. McCaglia, and F. Cannata. 2001. Isozyme and organellar DNA analysis of genetic diversity in natural/ naturalized European and Asiatic walnut (Juglans regia) populations. Acta Hort. 544:167–178.
Foroni, I., R. Rao., K. Woeste, and M. Gallitelli. 2005. Characterization of Juglans regia L. through SSR markers and evaluation of genetic relationships among cultivars and the ‘Sorrento’ landrace. J Hort Sci Biotech. 80:49–53.
Hamrick, J. L., M. J. W. Godt, and S. L. Sherman-Broyles. 1992. Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species. New Forest. 6:95–124.
Kafkas, S., H. Ozkan, and M. Sutyemez. 2005. DNA polymorphism and assessment of genetic relationships in walnut genotypes based on AFLP and SAMPL markers. J Am Soc Hort Sci. 130:585–590.
Karimi, R., A. Ershadi., K. Vahdati, and K. Woeste. 2010. Molecular characterization of Persian walnut populations in Iran with microsatellite markers. Hort Sci. 45:1403–1406.
Kota, R., S. Rudd., A. Facius., G. Kolesov., T. Thiel., H. Zhang., N. Stein., K. Mayer, and A. Graner. 2003. Snipping polymorphisms from large EST collections in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Mol Genet Genomics. 270:24–33
Li Z, Z, Lanying and X, Qianwen 2007 Identification of RAPD markers linked to thickness gene of shuck in walnut. Adv Biol Res 1:137–140
Manning, W.E. 1978. The classification within the Juglandaceae. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 65: 1058-1087.
Müller-Starck, G., P. Baradat, and F. Bergmann. 1992. Genetic variation within European tree species. New Forest. 6:23–47.
Nei, M. 1972. Genetic distance between populations. American Naturalist. 106: 283-292.
Nei, M. 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia University press, New York.
Nicese, F. P., J. I. Hormaza, and G. H. McGranahan.1998. Molecular characterization and genetic relatedness among walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes based on RAPD markers. Euphytica. 101:199–206.
Ninot, A, and N. Aleta. 2003. Identification and genetic relationship of Persian walnut genotypes using isozyme markers. J Am Pomol Soc. 57:106–114.
Potter, D., G. Fangyou., G. Aiello., G. Leslie, and G. McGranahan. 2002. Intersimple sequences repeat markers for fingerprinting and determining genetic relationships of walnut (Juglans regia) cultivars. J Am Soc Hort Sci. 127:75–81.
Pollegioni, P., K. Woeste., A. Major., G. S. Mugnozza, and M. E. Malvolti. 2009. Characterization of Juglans nigra L., Juglans regia L. and Juglans x intermedia (Carr.) by SSR markers: a case study in Italy. Silvae Genet. 58:68–78.
Pollegioni, P., K. Woeste., I, Olimpieri., D. Marandola., F. Cannata, and M. E. Malvolti. 2011. Long term human impacts on genetic structure of Italian walnut inferred by SSR markers Genetics and Genomes.7: 707-723.
Powell, W., G. C. Machray, and J. Provan. 1996. Polymorphism revealed by simple sequence repeats. Trends Plant Sci. 1:215–222.
Robichaud, R. L., J. C. Glaubitz., O. E. Rhodes, and K. Woeste. 2006. A robust set of black walnut microsatellites for parentage and clonal identification. New Forests. 32:179–196
Smith, B. D. 1992. River of change. essays on early agriculture in eastern north america.SmithsonianPress,Washington, D.C.
Victory, E. R., J. C. Glaubitz., O. E. Rhodes, and K. E. Woeste. 2006. Genetic homogeneity in Juglans nigra (Juglandaceae) at nuclear microsatellites. Am J Bot. 93:118–126.
Vyas, D., S. K. Sharma, and D. R. Sharma. 2003. Genetic structure of walnut genotypes using leaf isozymes as variability measure. Sci Hort. 97:141–152.
Wang, H. and D. Pei. 2008. Genetic diversity and structure of walnut populations in Central and Southwestern China revealed by microsatellite markers. J Am Soc Hortic Sci. 133:197–203.
Weir, B. S and C. C. Cockerham. 1984. Estimating F-statistics for theanalysis of population structure. Evolution. 38:1358–1370.
Weising K., H, Nybom., K, Wolff and W, Meyer 1995 DNA fingerprinting in plants and fungi. CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, Florida
Woeste, K., R. Burns., O. Rhodes, and C. Michler. 2002. Thirty polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci from black walnut. J Hered. 93:58–60.
Yan-Min, W., L. Ying., D. Feng-Xiang, and X. Sheng-Ke. 2000. Study on different ecological types of Chinese walnut (Juglans regia) using RAPD markers. J Beij For Univ. 22:23–27.
Zenelli G., H, Kola and M, Dida 2005 Phenotypic variation in native walnut populations of Northern Albania. Sci Hort 105:91–100
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2015-06-30
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Barwary, A. M. (2015). Characterization of Five Microsatellite Markers For Genetic Diversity Structure Analysis of Walnut (Juglans Regia L) in Five Village in Duhok Province. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 3(1), 46–54. Retrieved from https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz/article/view/91
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