Determination of HeaDetermination of Some Heavy Metals in Three Fish Species from Duhok City Markets in Kurdistan of Iraq
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2019.7.4.621Keywords:
Heavy Metal, Fish, ICP-OES, Wet DigestionAbstract
In this study, the concentrations of some heavy metals including Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb were determined in the muscles of three commercial fish species available in Duhok city markets in two seasons, using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), after the wet digestion process. Lowest and highest mean values of metals in µg/g (dry weight) were as follows: Al: Under Detection Limit (UDL)-3.71, Cu: UDL-4.00, Fe: 5.40-21.44, Mn: UDL-3.45, Zn: 13.38-140.11, while Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb were not detected. The highest levels of Al, Fe and Zn were recorded in Shukhat fish species, and the highest levels of Cu and Mn were recorded in Shabout in the winter season. The highest level of all metals was recorded for Zn (172.8 µg/g) with the highest mean value of (140.11 µg/g) in Shukhat species during winter. Most heavy metal concentrations were below the international permissible limits for fish, however, some of the maximum and mean values of metals were above the international standards. Fe concentrations were above the maximum allowable limits set by WHO (1999). Zn concentrations were above the maximum permissible limits set by joint FAO/WHO (1989) and FAO (2012).
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Al-Najare, G. A.; Jaber, A. A.; Talal, A.H.; Hantoush, A. A. The Concentrations of Heavy Metals ( Copper , NickelLead , Cadmium , Iron , Manganese ) in Tenualosa Ilisha ( Hamilton , 1822 ) Hunted from Iraqi Marine Water. Mesopotamia Environ. J.2015, 1 (3), 31–43.
Alturiqi, A. S.; Albedair, L. A. Evaluation of Some Heavy Metals in Certain Fish, Meat and Meat Products in Saudi Arabian Markets. Egypt. J. Aquat. Res.2012, 38 (1), 45–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2012.08.003.
Anandkumar, A.; Nagarajan, R.; Prabakaran, K.; Bing, C. H.; Rajaram, R. Human Health Risk Assessment and Bioaccumulation of Trace Metals in Fish Species Collected from the Miri Coast, Sarawak, Borneo. Mar. Pollut. Bull.2018,
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Asante, K. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water, Sediment and Fish in the Jimi Reservoir Obuasi, kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, 2013.
Baharom, Z. S.; Ishak, M. Y. Determination of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Fish Species in Galas River, Kelantan and Beranang Mining Pool,
Selangor. Procedia Environ. Sci.2015, 30, 320–325.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.10.057.
Bahnasawy, M. H.; Khidr, A. A.; Dheina, N. A. Seasonal Variations of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Mullett, Mugil Cephalus and Liza Ramada (Mugilidae) from Lake Manzala , Egypt. Egypt J. Aquat. Biol. Fish.2009, 13 (2), 81–100.
Balasim, H. M. Assessment of Some Heavy Metals Pollution in Water, Sediments and Barbus Xanthopterus (Heckel, 1843) in Tigris River at Baghdad City, University of Baghdad, 2013.
Caglar, M.; Canpolat, O.; Selamoglu, Z. Determination of Some Heavy Metal Levels in Three Freshwater Fish in Keban Dam Lake ( Turkey ) for Public Consumption. Iran. J. Fish. Sci.2019, 18 (1), 188–198. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijfs.2018.117890.
El-Moselhy, K. M.; Othman, A. I.; Abd El-Azem, H.; El-Metwally, M. E. A. Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Some Tissues of Fish in the Red Sea, Egypt. Egypt. J. Basic Appl. Sci.2014, 1 (2), 97–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbas.2014.06.001.
Hantoush, A. A.; Al-Najare, G. A.; Amteghy, A. H.; Al-Saad, H. T.; Ali, K. A. Seasonal Variations of Some Trace Elements Concentrations in Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix Consolidated from Farms in Central Iraq. Marsh Bull.2012, 7 (2), 126–136.
Hashim, R.; Song, T. H.; Muslim, N. Z. M.; Yen, T. P. Determination of Heavy Metal Levels in Fishes from the Lower Reach of the Kelantan River, Kelantan, Malaysia. Trop. Life Sci. Res.2014, 25 (2), 21–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12427.
Jaishankar, M.; Tseten, T.; Anbalagan, N.; Mathew, B. B.; Beeregowda, K. N. Toxicity, Mechanism and Health Effects of Some Heavy Metals. Interdiscip. Toxicol.2014, 7 (2), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.2478/intox-2014-0009.
Jasim, k. N.; Shkhaier, S. L. Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Canned Sardines Fish from Iraqi Markets. J. Fac. Med. Baghdad2016, 58 (4), 387–391.
Jayaprakash, M.; Kumar, R. S.; Giridharan, L.; Sujitha, S. B.; Sarkar, S. K.; Jonathan, M. P. Bioaccumulation of Metals in Fish Species from Water and Sediments in Macrotidal Ennore Creek, Chennai, SE Coast of India: A Metropolitan City Effect. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.2015, 120, 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.05.042.
Jia, Y.; Wang, L.; Qu, Z.; Wang, C.; Yang, Z. Effects on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Freshwater Fishes: Species,
Tissues, and Sizes. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.2017, 24 (10), 9379–9386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8606-4
Julshamn, K.; Frantzen, S.; Valdersnes, S.; Nilsen, B.; Maage, A.; Nedreaas, K. Concentrations of Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead in Greenland Halibut (Reinhardtius Hippoglossoides) Caught off the Coast of Northern Norway. Mar. Biol. Res.2011, 7 (8), 733–745. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2011.594893.
Küpeli, T.; Altundaǧ, H.; Imamoǧlu, M. Assessment of Trace Element Levels in Muscle Tissues of Fish Species Collected from a River, Stream, Lake, and Sea in Sakarya, Turkey. Sci. World J.2014, 2014, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/496107.
Low, K. H.; Zain, S. Md.; Abas, M. R.; Salleh, K. Md.; Teo, y. Y. Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Freshwater Tilapia from Three Different Aquaculture Sites in Jelebu Region (Malaysia). Food Chem. 2015, 177, 390–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.059.
Makedonski, L.; Peycheva, k.; Stancheva, M. Comparison of Heavy Metal Concentration of Some Marine Fishes from Black and Aegean Seas. Ovidius Univ. Ann. Chem.2015, 26 (1), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1515/auoc-2015-0004.
Mohammadnabizadeh, S.; Pourkhabbaz, A.; Afshari, R. Analysis and Determination of Trace Metals (Nickel, Cadmium, Chromium, and Lead) in Tissues of Pampus Argenteus and Platycephalus Indicus in the Hara Reserve, Iran. J. Toxicol.2014, 2014, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/576496.
Muiruri, M. J. Determination of Concentration of Selected Heavy Metals in Tilapia Fish, Sediment and Water from Mbagathi and Ruiru Athi River Tributaries, Kenya, Kenyatta University, 2013.
Muzyed, S. K. Heavy Metal Concentrations in Commercially Available Fishes in Gaza Strip Markets, The Islamic University - Gaza, 2011.
Nasir, N. A.; Al-Najar, G. A. Seasonal Variations of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Tissues of Talang Queenfish ( Scomberoides Commersonianus ) from Iraqi Marine and Coastal Waters , Northwestern Arabian Gulf. Mesopot. J. Mar. Sci 2015, 30 (2), 112–123.
Negi, R.K.; Maurya, A. Heavy Metal Concentrations in Tissues of Major Carp and Exotic Carp from Bhagwanpur Fish Pond, India. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.2015, 10 (6), 543–552. https://doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2015.543.552.
Nwani, C. D.; Nwoye, V. C.; Afiukwa, J. N.; Eyo, J. E. Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentrations in the Tissues (Gills and Muscles) of Six Commercially Important Fresh Water Fish Species of Anambra River South-East Nigeria. Asian J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Environ. Sci. 2009, 11 (1), 7–12.
Perugini, M.; Visciano, P.; Manera, M.; Zaccaroni, A.; Olivieri, V.; Amorena, M. Heavy Metal (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Se) Concentrations in Muscle and Bone of Four Commercial Fish Caught in the Central Adriatic Sea, Italy. Environ. Monit. Assess.2014, 186 (4), 2205–2213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3530-7.
Pirestani, S.; Sahari, M. A.; Barzegar, M.; Seyfabadi, S. J. Chemical Compositions and Minerals of Some Commercially Important Fish Species from the South Caspian Sea. Int. Food Res. J.2009, 16 (1), 39–44.
Rajeshkumar, S.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, X.; Ravikumar, B.; Bai, G.; Li, X. Studies on Seasonal Pollution of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment, Fish and Oyster from the Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake in China. Chemosphere2018, 191, 626–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.078.
Subotić S.; Spasić, S.; Višnjić-Jeftić, Ž.; Hegediš, A.; Krpo-Ćetković, J.; Mićković, B.; Skorić, S.; Lenhardt, M. Heavy Metal and Trace Element Bioaccumulation in Target Tissues of Four Edible Fish Species from the Danube River (Serbia). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.2013, 98, 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.08.020.
Tüzen, M. Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish Samples of the Middle Black Sea (Turkey) by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Food Chem.2003, 80 (1), 119–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00264-9.
Varol, M.; Sünbül, M. R. Multiple Approaches to Assess Human Health Risks from Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Metals via Consumption of Five Fish Species from a Large Reservoir in Turkey. Sci. Total Environ.2018, 633, 684–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.218.
Wafi, H. N. Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in the Mediterranean Sea along Gaza Coast – A Case Study of Gaza Fishing Harbor, Al-Azhar University-Gaza, 2015.
Yi, Y.J.; Zhang, S. H. The Relationships between Fish Heavy Metal Concentrations and Fish Size in the Upper and Middle Reach of Yangtze River. Procedia Environ. Sci.2012, 13 (2011), 1699–1707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2012.01.163.
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2019-10-30
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Ahmed, S. S., & Hasan, M. A. (2019). Determination of HeaDetermination of Some Heavy Metals in Three Fish Species from Duhok City Markets in Kurdistan of Iraq. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 7(4), 152–157. https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2019.7.4.621
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