Bioassay and Pathogenicity of Wheat Seed Gall Nematode Anguina Tritici
Keywords:
Bioassay, Pathogenicity, Wheat, Anguina triticiAbstract
Highest infection percentage recorded in Abo-graib and wahe CVs. (83.3%) followed by Smeto (80.3%) while less infection percentage was in Rezgare and Al-Aez CVs. (33.3%). more galls (14 galls/ spike) formed in Sham-2 C.V. followed by Abo-graib, Smeto, Tammoz-2, Maxipak and Al-Aez respectively. highest number of nematode (12773) occurred in large galls, while the lowest (8145) in small galls. A. tritici population density increased dramatically with increase in galls size reached a peak (15112 second stage juveniles/gall) in big size gall. Results revealed that the vitality of second stage juveniles reached its maximum level (8.87%) at 12 Cº with no significant differences with the validity percentage at 6 Cº while it reached its minimum level (1%) at 20 Cº.
References
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Saleh, H. M. and F. A, Fattah (1990). Studies on the wheat seed gall nematode. Nemaol. Med. 18: 59-62.
Stephan Z. A.; M. S, Hassan.; A. I, Hammadi and Antoon, B. G. (2000). New race of wheat gall nematode Anguina tritici and susceptibility of some cultivars to this race . Iraqi J. of Agric .5 :1-5.
Stephan, Z. A. and B. G, Antoon (1990). Biotypes of earcockle nematode Anguina tritici in Iraq . Current Nematology 1: 85-88
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Al-Beldawi, A. S.; Z. A, Stephan and A. H, Alwan (1974). General survey of wheat gall disease in Iraq. Iraq Agric. Bull., 29: 48-69.
AL-Beldawi, A.; Z. A, Stephan.; NH, Lwaa and R. A, Shali (1977). Studies on wheat gall nematode in Iraq. Yearbook of Plant Protect. Res., Baghdad, 1: 268-283.
Ami, S. N.; H. Y, Mohammad and S. A, Younis (2004). Study on ear-cockle disease in some regions of Nineveh province-North of Iraq - Iraqi J. for Agric. Sci., 5: 95-100.
Bhatti, S.; R. S, Dahiya and S. C, Dhawan (1978). New record of tundu and ear-cockle incidence in barley. Nematol.: 24:331-332.
Black, G. R. (1965). Bulk density in. C.A. Black et al. (eds). Methods of Soil analysis. Part1. Agron . Mono. No. 9: 374-390. Am. Soc. Agro.
Dipak, S and A, Haldar, (2005). Physical and Chemical Methods in Soil Analysis. New Age International (P) Limited, PublishersNew Delhi.134 pp.
Esser, R. P.; J. H, O'Bannon and R. A, Clark (1991). Procedure to detect wheat seed gall nematode (Anguina tritic) should an infestation appear in florida. Florida Dept. Agric. and Consumer Serv. Division of Plant Industry, Nematology Circular No. 186.
Fattah, F. A. (1988). Effect of methods on incidence of ear-cockle and tundu on wheat under field conditions. Plant and soil, 109: 195-198.
Gooding, M. J. and W, Davies and Paul (1997). Wheat production and utilization, systems, quality and the environment. CAM, international, Wallingford, Oxan OX10, 8DE, UK.
Hamood, M. S. and F, A. Fattah(1989). Reaction of wheat genotype to infection by A.tritici. Revue Nematol. 12: 429-431.
Jaiswal, P. C. ( 2003). Soil Plant and Water analysis. Mrs. Usha Raj Kumar, India, 136pp.
Kort, J. (1972). Nematode diseases of cereals of temperate climates. In J.M. Webster, ed. Economic Nematology, p. 97-126. New York, NY, USA , Academic.
Mustafa, S. A.(2009). Study on Wheat and Barley ear-cockle disease caused by nematode Anguina tritici in Erbil province. M.Sc. theses, College of Agriculture, University of Salahaddin-Erbil.
Mustafee, T. P. and S. B, Chattopadhyay (1981). Fungicidal control of some soil inhabiting fungal pathogens. pesticides 15:29-31.
Paruthi, I. J. and D. S, Bhatti (1988). Effect on consumption and marketing of wheat contaminated with seed gall of Anguina triticin. Haryana- Agric. Uni. J. of Res., 18:173-176.
Rajender, S.; M. S, BeniwalL.; S. S. Karwasra and H. S, Saharan (2009). Effect of sowing date on the incidence of loose smut, flag smut and seed gall ofwheat. Bangladesh J. of Agril. Res. 34:1-4.
Rao, R. S. R. (1921). Apreliminary list of insect pest of Iraq .Dept. of Agric.Iraq, Bull.7.
Saleh, H. M. and F. A, Fattah (1990). Studies on the wheat seed gall nematode. Nemaol. Med. 18: 59-62.
Stephan Z. A.; M. S, Hassan.; A. I, Hammadi and Antoon, B. G. (2000). New race of wheat gall nematode Anguina tritici and susceptibility of some cultivars to this race . Iraqi J. of Agric .5 :1-5.
Stephan, Z. A. and B. G, Antoon (1990). Biotypes of earcockle nematode Anguina tritici in Iraq . Current Nematology 1: 85-88
Taher, Ibrahim Esa, (2012). Pathogenicity, biology and control of wheat seed gall nematode Anguina tritici.M.Sc. thesis College of Agriculture-University of Duhok
USAID (2006). Improving Grain Production in Iraq. The Agriculture Reconstruction and Development Program for Iraq (ARDI).
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Published
2015-06-30
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Amin, S. N., Taher, I. I., & Omer, F. A. (2015). Bioassay and Pathogenicity of Wheat Seed Gall Nematode Anguina Tritici. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 3(1), 39–45. Retrieved from https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz/article/view/89
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