Novel Synthesis of Gold Doped Silver Phosphate Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method for The Enhancement of Visible Light-Responsive Photocatalytic Degradation of Fast Green FCF Dye
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2022.10.3.916Keywords:
Au@Ag3PO4 NPs, hydrothermal method, fast green FCF dye, visible light and PhotocatalystAbstract
In this study, the gold (Au) noble metal doped Ag3PO4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The obtained photocatalysts NPs were characterized via FE-SEM, EDX, XRD and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The crystal structure and phase were identified by XRD characterization. From the XRD the structure of Ag3PO4 NPs was not altered after doping with Au as a noble metal; in addition the sharp and narrow peaks indicate that Ag3PO4 NPs are high purity and have a crystalline structure. And the XRD pattern of samples after doping indicates that Au distributed homogenously in Ag3PO4. The morphology of bare Ag3PO4 and Au doped Ag3PO4 were studied by FE-SEM. The average sizes of the synthesized Ag3PO4 and Au doped Ag3PO4 NPs were 747.81 nm and 96.77nm respectively. EDX is utilized for the elemental composition analysis of the synthesized NPs and the pattern consists of corresponding peaks for P, Ag, O, and Au ions and it confirms the doped of Au noble metal ion in the prepared samples . The optical properties and the band gap were estimated by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The band gap was found for undoped and doped Ag3PO4 NPs were 2.39 eV and 2.34 eV respectively. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performances for bare Ag3PO4 NPs and Au doped Ag3PO4 were studied with fast green FCF dye. As a result the Au@ Ag3PO4 could be considered the optimum photocatalyst because the target dye molecule is degraded in 15 min, in contrast the bare Ag3PO4 NPs needed 55min. The photo degradation rate of the Au@ Ag3PO4 NPs is ∼3 times higher than the rate of Ag3PO4 NPs. Finally, Au@ Ag3PO4 NPs confirmed the highest photodegradation catalyst compared with other bare Ag3PO4 NPs.
References
Alam, U., Fleisch, M., Kretschmer, I., Bahnemann, D., & Muneer, M. (2017). One-step hydrothermal synthesis of Bi-TiO2 nanotube/graphene composites: an efficient photocatalyst for spectacular degradation of organic pollutants under visible light irradiation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 218, 758-769.
Anusha, M., & Arivuoli, D. (2013). High intense violet luminescence in fluorine doped zinc oxide (FZO) thin films deposited by aerosol assisted CVD. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 580, 131-136. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.05.073
Atacan, K., Güy, N., Ozmen, M., & Özacar, M. (2021). Fabrication of silver doped different metal oxide nanoparticles and evaluation of their antibacterial and catalytic applications. Applied Surface Science Advances, 6, 100156.
Atacan, K., Özacar, M., & Özacar, M. (2018). Investigation of antibacterial properties of novel papain immobilized on tannic acid modified Ag/CuFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles. International journal of biological macromolecules, 109, 720-731.
Bauer, W., & Tomandl, G. (1994). Preparation of spherical TiO2 particles by an emulsion method using TiCl4. Ceramics international, 20(3), 189-193.
Bouzid, H., Faisal, M., Harraz, F. A., Al-Sayari, S. A., & Ismail, A. A. (2015). Synthesis of mesoporous Ag/ZnO nanocrystals with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Catalysis Today, 252, 20-26.
Butler, M. (1977). Photoelectrolysis and physical properties of the semiconducting electrode WO2. Journal of Applied Physics, 48(5), 1914-1920.
CHENG, F., LIU, W.-s., Juan, W., & WANG, Y.-k. (2015). Research progress of Ag3PO4-based photocatalyst: Fundamentals and performance enhancement. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 25(1), 112-121.
Dayana, P. N., Abel, M. J., Inbaraj, P., Sivaranjani, S., & Thiruneelakandan, R. (2021). Zirconium Doped Copper Ferrite (CuFe2O4) Nanoparticles for the Enhancement of Visible Light-Responsive Photocatalytic Degradation of Rose Bengal and Indigo Carmine Dyes. Journal of Cluster Science, 1-11.
Downing, J. M., Ryan, M. P., & McLachlan, M. A. (2013). Hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanorods: The role of KCl in controlling rod morphology. Thin Solid Films, 539, 18-22. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.04.131
Faisal, M., Jalalah, M., Harraz, F. A., El-Toni, A. M., Khan, A., & Al-Assiri, M. (2020). Au nanoparticles-doped g-C3N4 nanocomposites for enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible light illumination. Ceramics international, 46(14), 22090-22101.
Faisal, M., Khan, S. B., Rahman, M. M., Jamal, A., Akhtar, K., & Abdullah, M. (2011). Role of ZnO-CeO2 nanostructures as a photo-catalyst and chemi-sensor. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 27(7), 594-600.
Faisal, M., Khan, S. B., Rahman, M. M., Jamal, A., Asiri, A. M., & Abdullah, M. (2011a). Smart chemical sensor and active photo-catalyst for environmental pollutants. Chemical Engineering Journal, 173(1), 178-184.
Faisal, M., Khan, S. B., Rahman, M. M., Jamal, A., Asiri, A. M., & Abdullah, M. (2011b). Synthesis, characterizations, photocatalytic and sensing studies of ZnO nanocapsules. Applied Surface Science, 258(2), 672-677.
Faisal, M., Tariq, M. A., & Muneer, M. (2007). Photocatalysed degradation of two selected dyes in UV-irradiated aqueous suspensions of titania. Dyes and Pigments, 72(2), 233-239.
Farah, M. A., Ateeq, B., Ali, M. N., Sabir, R., & Ahmad, W. (2004). Studies on lethal concentrations and toxicity stress of some xenobiotics on aquatic organisms. Chemosphere, 55(2), 257-265.
Guan, X., & Guo, L. (2014). Cocatalytic effect of SrTiO3 on Ag3PO4 toward enhanced photocatalytic water oxidation. Acs Catalysis, 4(9), 3020-3026.
Huang, S., Schlichthörl, G., Nozik, A., Grätzel, M., & Frank, A. (1997). Charge recombination in dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 101(14), 2576-2582.
Ilican, S. (2013). Effect of Na doping on the microstructures and optical properties of ZnO nanorods. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 553, 225-232.
Karimi-Maleh, H., Kumar, B. G., Rajendran, S., Qin, J., Vadivel, S., Durgalakshmi, D., . . . Karimi, F. (2020). Tuning of metal oxides photocatalytic performance using Ag nanoparticles integration. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 314, 113588.
Kathirvel, S., Pedaballi, S., Su, C., Chen, B.-R., & Li, W.-R. (2020). Morphological control of TiO2 nanocrystals by solvothermal synthesis for dye-sensitized solar cell applications. Applied Surface Science, 519, 146082.
Kumar, V. V., Gayathri, K., & Anthony, S. P. (2016). Synthesis of α-MoO3 nanoplates using organic aliphatic acids and investigation of sunlight enhanced photodegradation of organic dyes. Materials Research Bulletin, 76, 147-154.
Li, H., Peng, Z., Qian, J., Wang, M., Wang, C., & Fu, X. (2017). C Fibers@ WSe2 Nanoplates Core–Shell Composite: Highly Efficient Solar-Driven Photocatalyst. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 9(34), 28704-28715.
Long, Y., Lu, Y., Huang, Y., Peng, Y., Lu, Y., Kang, S.-Z., & Mu, J. (2009). Effect of C60 on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanorods. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 113(31), 13899-13905.
Ma, J., Zou, J., Li, L., Yao, C., Kong, Y., Cui, B., . . . Li, D. (2014). Nanocomposite of attapulgite–Ag3PO4 for Orange II photodegradation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 144, 36-40.
Nagaraju, G., Shivaraju, G., Banuprakash, G., & Rangappa, D. (2017). Photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles: synthesis via solution combustion method. Materials Today: Proceedings, 4(11), 11700-11705.
Okafor, S. N., Obonga, W., Ezeokonkwo, M. A., Nurudeen, J., Orovwigho, U., & Ahiabuike, J. (2016). Assessment of the health implications of synthetic and natural food Colourants–A critical review. Pharmaceutical and Biosciences Journal, 01-11.
Omer, A. M. (2008). Energy, environment and sustainable development. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 12(9), 2265-2300.
Pathak, T. K., Swart, H., & Kroon, R. (2018). Structural and plasmonic properties of noble metal doped ZnO nanomaterials. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 535, 114-118.
Rawat, J., Bijalwan, K., Negi, C., Sharma, H., & Dwivedi, C. (2021). Magnetically recoverable Au doped iron oxide nanoparticles coated with graphene oxide for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Materials Today: Proceedings, 45, 4869-4873.
Rycenga, M., Cobley, C. M., Zeng, J., Li, W., Moran, C. H., Zhang, Q., . . . Xia, Y. (2011). Controlling the synthesis and assembly of silver nanostructures for plasmonic applications. Chemical reviews, 111(6), 3669-3712.
Ryu, Y., Lee, T., & White, H. (2003). Properties of arsenic-doped p-type ZnO grown by hybrid beam deposition. Applied Physics Letters, 83(1), 87-89.
Sarina, S., Waclawik, E. R., & Zhu, H. (2013). Photocatalysis on supported gold and silver nanoparticles under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. Green chemistry, 15(7), 1814-1833.
Sharma, G., Bhogal, S., Naushad, M., Kumar, A., & Stadler, F. J. (2017). Microwave assisted fabrication of La/Cu/Zr/carbon dots trimetallic nanocomposites with their adsorptional vs photocatalytic efficiency for remediation of persistent organic pollutants. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 347, 235-243.
Sun, X., Dong, S., & Wang, E. (2004). Large‐scale synthesis of micrometer‐scale single‐crystalline Au plates of nanometer thickness by a wet‐chemical route. Angewandte Chemie, 116(46), 6520-6523.
Vickers, N. J. (2017). Animal communication: when i’m calling you, will you answer too? Current biology, 27(14), R713-R715.
Wang, F., Seo, J.-H., Li, Z., Kvit, A. V., Ma, Z., & Wang, X. (2014). Cl-Doped ZnO Nanowires with Metallic Conductivity and Their Application for High-Performance Photoelectrochemical Electrodes. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6(2), 1288-1293. doi: 10.1021/am405141s
Wang, P., Huang, B., Dai, Y., & Whangbo, M.-H. (2012). Plasmonic photocatalysts: harvesting visible light with noble metal nanoparticles. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 14(28), 9813-9825.
Wategaonkar, S., Pawar, R., Parale, V., Nade, D., Sargar, B., & Mane, R. (2020). Synthesis of rutile TiO2 nanostructures by single step hydrothermal route and its characterization. Materials Today: Proceedings, 23, 444-451.
Yi, Z., Ye, J., Kikugawa, N., Kako, T., Ouyang, S., Stuart-Williams, H., . . . Li, Z. (2010). An orthophosphate semiconductor with photooxidation properties under visible-light irradiation. Nature Materials, 9(7), 559-564.
Zhao, J., Ji, Z., Xu, C., Shen, X., Ma, L., & Liu, X. (2014). Hydrothermal syntheses of silver phosphate nanostructures and their photocatalytic performance for organic pollutant degradation. Crystal Research and Technology, 49(12), 975-981.
Zheng, J., Song, J., Jiang, Q., & Lian, J. (2012). Enhanced UV emission of Y-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Applied Surface Science, 258(18), 6735-6738.
Anusha, M., & Arivuoli, D. (2013). High intense violet luminescence in fluorine doped zinc oxide (FZO) thin films deposited by aerosol assisted CVD. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 580, 131-136. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.05.073
Atacan, K., Güy, N., Ozmen, M., & Özacar, M. (2021). Fabrication of silver doped different metal oxide nanoparticles and evaluation of their antibacterial and catalytic applications. Applied Surface Science Advances, 6, 100156.
Atacan, K., Özacar, M., & Özacar, M. (2018). Investigation of antibacterial properties of novel papain immobilized on tannic acid modified Ag/CuFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles. International journal of biological macromolecules, 109, 720-731.
Bauer, W., & Tomandl, G. (1994). Preparation of spherical TiO2 particles by an emulsion method using TiCl4. Ceramics international, 20(3), 189-193.
Bouzid, H., Faisal, M., Harraz, F. A., Al-Sayari, S. A., & Ismail, A. A. (2015). Synthesis of mesoporous Ag/ZnO nanocrystals with enhanced photocatalytic activity. Catalysis Today, 252, 20-26.
Butler, M. (1977). Photoelectrolysis and physical properties of the semiconducting electrode WO2. Journal of Applied Physics, 48(5), 1914-1920.
CHENG, F., LIU, W.-s., Juan, W., & WANG, Y.-k. (2015). Research progress of Ag3PO4-based photocatalyst: Fundamentals and performance enhancement. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 25(1), 112-121.
Dayana, P. N., Abel, M. J., Inbaraj, P., Sivaranjani, S., & Thiruneelakandan, R. (2021). Zirconium Doped Copper Ferrite (CuFe2O4) Nanoparticles for the Enhancement of Visible Light-Responsive Photocatalytic Degradation of Rose Bengal and Indigo Carmine Dyes. Journal of Cluster Science, 1-11.
Downing, J. M., Ryan, M. P., & McLachlan, M. A. (2013). Hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanorods: The role of KCl in controlling rod morphology. Thin Solid Films, 539, 18-22. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.04.131
Faisal, M., Jalalah, M., Harraz, F. A., El-Toni, A. M., Khan, A., & Al-Assiri, M. (2020). Au nanoparticles-doped g-C3N4 nanocomposites for enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible light illumination. Ceramics international, 46(14), 22090-22101.
Faisal, M., Khan, S. B., Rahman, M. M., Jamal, A., Akhtar, K., & Abdullah, M. (2011). Role of ZnO-CeO2 nanostructures as a photo-catalyst and chemi-sensor. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 27(7), 594-600.
Faisal, M., Khan, S. B., Rahman, M. M., Jamal, A., Asiri, A. M., & Abdullah, M. (2011a). Smart chemical sensor and active photo-catalyst for environmental pollutants. Chemical Engineering Journal, 173(1), 178-184.
Faisal, M., Khan, S. B., Rahman, M. M., Jamal, A., Asiri, A. M., & Abdullah, M. (2011b). Synthesis, characterizations, photocatalytic and sensing studies of ZnO nanocapsules. Applied Surface Science, 258(2), 672-677.
Faisal, M., Tariq, M. A., & Muneer, M. (2007). Photocatalysed degradation of two selected dyes in UV-irradiated aqueous suspensions of titania. Dyes and Pigments, 72(2), 233-239.
Farah, M. A., Ateeq, B., Ali, M. N., Sabir, R., & Ahmad, W. (2004). Studies on lethal concentrations and toxicity stress of some xenobiotics on aquatic organisms. Chemosphere, 55(2), 257-265.
Guan, X., & Guo, L. (2014). Cocatalytic effect of SrTiO3 on Ag3PO4 toward enhanced photocatalytic water oxidation. Acs Catalysis, 4(9), 3020-3026.
Huang, S., Schlichthörl, G., Nozik, A., Grätzel, M., & Frank, A. (1997). Charge recombination in dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 101(14), 2576-2582.
Ilican, S. (2013). Effect of Na doping on the microstructures and optical properties of ZnO nanorods. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 553, 225-232.
Karimi-Maleh, H., Kumar, B. G., Rajendran, S., Qin, J., Vadivel, S., Durgalakshmi, D., . . . Karimi, F. (2020). Tuning of metal oxides photocatalytic performance using Ag nanoparticles integration. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 314, 113588.
Kathirvel, S., Pedaballi, S., Su, C., Chen, B.-R., & Li, W.-R. (2020). Morphological control of TiO2 nanocrystals by solvothermal synthesis for dye-sensitized solar cell applications. Applied Surface Science, 519, 146082.
Kumar, V. V., Gayathri, K., & Anthony, S. P. (2016). Synthesis of α-MoO3 nanoplates using organic aliphatic acids and investigation of sunlight enhanced photodegradation of organic dyes. Materials Research Bulletin, 76, 147-154.
Li, H., Peng, Z., Qian, J., Wang, M., Wang, C., & Fu, X. (2017). C Fibers@ WSe2 Nanoplates Core–Shell Composite: Highly Efficient Solar-Driven Photocatalyst. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 9(34), 28704-28715.
Long, Y., Lu, Y., Huang, Y., Peng, Y., Lu, Y., Kang, S.-Z., & Mu, J. (2009). Effect of C60 on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanorods. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 113(31), 13899-13905.
Ma, J., Zou, J., Li, L., Yao, C., Kong, Y., Cui, B., . . . Li, D. (2014). Nanocomposite of attapulgite–Ag3PO4 for Orange II photodegradation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 144, 36-40.
Nagaraju, G., Shivaraju, G., Banuprakash, G., & Rangappa, D. (2017). Photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles: synthesis via solution combustion method. Materials Today: Proceedings, 4(11), 11700-11705.
Okafor, S. N., Obonga, W., Ezeokonkwo, M. A., Nurudeen, J., Orovwigho, U., & Ahiabuike, J. (2016). Assessment of the health implications of synthetic and natural food Colourants–A critical review. Pharmaceutical and Biosciences Journal, 01-11.
Omer, A. M. (2008). Energy, environment and sustainable development. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 12(9), 2265-2300.
Pathak, T. K., Swart, H., & Kroon, R. (2018). Structural and plasmonic properties of noble metal doped ZnO nanomaterials. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 535, 114-118.
Rawat, J., Bijalwan, K., Negi, C., Sharma, H., & Dwivedi, C. (2021). Magnetically recoverable Au doped iron oxide nanoparticles coated with graphene oxide for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Materials Today: Proceedings, 45, 4869-4873.
Rycenga, M., Cobley, C. M., Zeng, J., Li, W., Moran, C. H., Zhang, Q., . . . Xia, Y. (2011). Controlling the synthesis and assembly of silver nanostructures for plasmonic applications. Chemical reviews, 111(6), 3669-3712.
Ryu, Y., Lee, T., & White, H. (2003). Properties of arsenic-doped p-type ZnO grown by hybrid beam deposition. Applied Physics Letters, 83(1), 87-89.
Sarina, S., Waclawik, E. R., & Zhu, H. (2013). Photocatalysis on supported gold and silver nanoparticles under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. Green chemistry, 15(7), 1814-1833.
Sharma, G., Bhogal, S., Naushad, M., Kumar, A., & Stadler, F. J. (2017). Microwave assisted fabrication of La/Cu/Zr/carbon dots trimetallic nanocomposites with their adsorptional vs photocatalytic efficiency for remediation of persistent organic pollutants. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 347, 235-243.
Sun, X., Dong, S., & Wang, E. (2004). Large‐scale synthesis of micrometer‐scale single‐crystalline Au plates of nanometer thickness by a wet‐chemical route. Angewandte Chemie, 116(46), 6520-6523.
Vickers, N. J. (2017). Animal communication: when i’m calling you, will you answer too? Current biology, 27(14), R713-R715.
Wang, F., Seo, J.-H., Li, Z., Kvit, A. V., Ma, Z., & Wang, X. (2014). Cl-Doped ZnO Nanowires with Metallic Conductivity and Their Application for High-Performance Photoelectrochemical Electrodes. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6(2), 1288-1293. doi: 10.1021/am405141s
Wang, P., Huang, B., Dai, Y., & Whangbo, M.-H. (2012). Plasmonic photocatalysts: harvesting visible light with noble metal nanoparticles. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 14(28), 9813-9825.
Wategaonkar, S., Pawar, R., Parale, V., Nade, D., Sargar, B., & Mane, R. (2020). Synthesis of rutile TiO2 nanostructures by single step hydrothermal route and its characterization. Materials Today: Proceedings, 23, 444-451.
Yi, Z., Ye, J., Kikugawa, N., Kako, T., Ouyang, S., Stuart-Williams, H., . . . Li, Z. (2010). An orthophosphate semiconductor with photooxidation properties under visible-light irradiation. Nature Materials, 9(7), 559-564.
Zhao, J., Ji, Z., Xu, C., Shen, X., Ma, L., & Liu, X. (2014). Hydrothermal syntheses of silver phosphate nanostructures and their photocatalytic performance for organic pollutant degradation. Crystal Research and Technology, 49(12), 975-981.
Zheng, J., Song, J., Jiang, Q., & Lian, J. (2012). Enhanced UV emission of Y-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Applied Surface Science, 258(18), 6735-6738.
Downloads
Published
2022-07-01
How to Cite
Qasim, A. K. (2022). Novel Synthesis of Gold Doped Silver Phosphate Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method for The Enhancement of Visible Light-Responsive Photocatalytic Degradation of Fast Green FCF Dye. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 10(3), 76–80. https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2022.10.3.916
Issue
Section
Science Journal of University of Zakho
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0] that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work, with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online.
