Optimum Tilt Angle for South Facing Flat Solar Collectors in Duhok City

Authors

  • Salahaldin Na'man University of Zakho
  • Haval Y. Yacoob University of Duhok
  • Omar S. Omar University of Duhok

Keywords:

Solar radiation, Collector angle, Duhok city Kurdistan-Iraq

Abstract

One of the important parameters that affect the performance of a solar collector is its, tilt angle with the horizon. This is because of the variation of tilt angle changes the amount of solar radiation reaching the collector surface. In this paper, the global irradiation observed in Duhok from 1990 to 2007 was used to estimate the optimal tilt angle for solar collectors. The observed data are resolved into diffusion, beam and albedo components. Total solar radiation on the solar collector surface with an optimum tilt angle is computed for specific periods. It is found that the optimum tilt angle changes between 0◦ (June) and 62◦ (December) throughout the year. In winter (December, January, and February) the tilt should be 58◦, in spring (March, April, and May) 20, in summer (June, July, and August) 5◦, and in autumn (September, October, and November) 46.3◦. The yearly average of this value was found to be 32.33◦ and this would be the optimum fixed tilt throughout the year.

Author Biographies

Salahaldin Na'man, University of Zakho

Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan-Region, Iraq.

Haval Y. Yacoob, University of Duhok

Dept. of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Duhok, Kurdistan-Region, Iraq.

Omar S. Omar, University of Duhok

Dept. of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Duhok, Kurdistan-Region, Iraq.

References

Can Ertekin , Fatih Evrendilek and Recep Kulcu (2008). Modeling Spatio- Temporal Dynamics of Optimum Tilt Angles for Solar Collectors in Turke. Sensors 8:2913-2931
D. IBRAHIM. (1995). Optimum titlt angle for solar collector used in Cyprus. Renewable Energy. 6:813-819.
Duffie, J.A. & Beckman, W.A. (1991). Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, 2nd ed., Wiley Interscience, New York (USA).
Gilbert M. Masters. (2004). Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems,Engineering. John and Wiley Sons, USA.
Hamdy K. Elminir , Ahmed E. Ghitas , F. El-Hussainy , R. Hamid , M.M. (2006). Beheary and Khaled M. Abdel-Moneim. Optimum solar flat-plate collector slope: Case study for Helwan, Egypt, Energy Conversion and Management. 47:624–637
http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/RETScreen/, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
K.N Liou . (1992). Radiation and Cloud Processes in the Atmosphere, Oxford
KORAY ULGEN. (2006). Optimum Tilt Angle for Solar Collectors, Taylor & Francis Group
Liu, B. Y. H., and Jordan, R. C. (1960). The interrelationship and characteristics and distribution of direct, diffuse, and total solar radiation. Solar Energy 4:1–10.
Luque and S.Hegedus. (2003). Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and
NASA Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy ,RET Screen Data(1997):
of a solar collector in the northern hemisphere, Solar Energy .83 :1274– 1284.
Page, JK. 1964. The estimation of monthly mean values of daily short wave radiation on vertical and inclined surface from sunshine records of latitude 40 degree N to 40 degree S. Proc. of UN-Conf. on New Sources of Energy. l:4 paper s/98. 378.
Salem Nijmeh and Rustom Mamlook. (2000) . Testing of two models for computing global solar radiation on tilted surfaces, Renewable Energy: 20. 75-81
Tian Pau Chang. (2009). The Sun’s apparent position and the optimal tilt angle University Press, Inc.

Downloads

Published

2013-06-30

How to Cite

Na’man, S., Yacoob, H. Y., & Omar, O. S. (2013). Optimum Tilt Angle for South Facing Flat Solar Collectors in Duhok City. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 1(1), 405–413. Retrieved from https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz/article/view/98

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013): June, 2013

Section

Science Journal of University of Zakho

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0] that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work, with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online.