The Effects of Crude Oil Spill on Some Soil Properties of Different Sites in Duhok Governorate-Kurdistan Region of Iraq
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2019.7.2.550Keywords:
Crude oil spill, Heavy metals, Soil properties, Total hydrocarbonsAbstract
A study was conducted to investigate the impact of oil spillage on some properties of soils collected from Kashe and Nzarke sites in Duhok governorate, Kurdistan region of Iraq. Soil samples were taken from each site after one weak and then after three months at 0-15 cm and 15-35 cm depths with control samples approximately 500 m from outside oil spill area. The soil samples were analyzed using standardsof routine laboratory methods to determine some soil properties. Based on results of the study the contaminated area has higher % TN (percentage total nitrogen) (0.34 and 0.28 %), % TOC (percentage total carbon) ( 4.84 and 5.81 %), Pb (lead) (1.59 and 2.28 mg L-1) and Fe (Iron) (3.20 and 3.13 mg L-1) for Kashe and Nzarke sites respectively than the control especially for 0-15 cm. Crude oil causes decrease in soil pH below 8.2 and also reduced the concentration of available phosphorus to a values of (18.40 and 15.20 mg L-1) for Kashe and Nzarke soils respectively than the control (20.60 and 16.20 mg L-1) for the two sites respectively. Higher values for EC (electrical conductivity), % TN, available phosphorouswere found in Kashe site while Nzarke had higher % TOC, % OM (organic matter), CEC (cation exchange capacity), THC (total hydrocarbon) and available phosphorus.
References
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Talukdar, D. K. and Saikia, B. D., 2010. Effect of Crude Oil on Some Properties of Clayey Soil. IGC-2010, IIT, Mumbai, 349-352.
Tessier, A., Campbell, P. G. C. and Bisson, M., 1979. Sequential extraction procedure for speciation of particulate trace metals .Anal. Chem., 51, 844–851.
Uzoho, B. U. and Oti, N. N., 2004. Phosphorus adsorption characteristics of selected Southeastern Nigeria soils. In: Proceeding of the 29th Annual conference of the Soil Science Society of Nigeria, pp. 121-131.
Walkley, A. and Black, I. A., 1934. An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37:29-37.
Aghalino, S. O., 2000. Petroleum Exploration and the Agitation for Compensation by Oil Mineral Producing Communities in Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Policy Issue, 1(2), 11-20.
Aneliefo, G.O. and Vwioko, D. E., 1995. Effect of spent lubrication oil on the growth of capsicum anum L. and Hycoperscion esculentum Miller. Environmental pollution, 88,361-364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491 (95) 93451-5.
Atlas, R. M. and Bartha, R., 1973. Abundance distribution and biodegradation of oil slicks using oleophilic fertilizers, Environ. Sci. Tech., 7(1), 538-541.
Barua, D., Buragohain, J. and Sarma, S.K., 2011. Certain physicochemical changes in the soil brought about by contamination of crude oil in two oil fields of Assam, NE India. Pelagia. Research Library. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 1(3):154-161.
Barua, D., Buragohain, J. and Sarma, S.K., 2011. Impact of Assam petroleum crude oil on the germination of four crude oil resistant species, Asian J. Plant Sci. Res., 1(3), 68-76.
Brady, N. C., and Weil, R. R., 1999. The nature and properties of soil, Simon and Schuster, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Bremner, J. M., 1965. Nitrogen availability index. In Black, C. A. et al., (eds). Methods of soil analysis. Am. Soc. Agron. Inc. Agron. Mono. 9. Medison, Wisconism, USA. 1324-1325.
Chikezie, A., Eswaran, H., Asawalam, D. O. and Ano, A. O., 2009. Characterization of the benchmark soils of contrasting parent materials in Abia State, South-eastern Nigeria. Global J. of Pure and Applied Sciences 16 (1) 23-29.
Debojit, B. Jitu, B. and Sarada, K. S., 2011. Certain physico-chemical changes in the soil brought about by contamination of crude oil in two oil fields of Assam, NE India. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 1 (3):154-161.
Dutta, M., Chanda, K. S., Bhuyan, M. and Kalita S., 2017. Study on physico-chemical properties and heavy metal contents in crude oil contaminated soil of rudrasagar oil field, Assam, India. J. Environ. Res. Develop, 11(3): 2319 –5983.
Edwin Wosu, N. L. and Albert, E., 2010. Total petroleum hydrocarbon content (TPH) as an index assessment of macrophytic remediation process of a crude oil contaminated soil environment. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 14 (1): 39 – 42.
Essien, O.E. and John, I.A., 2010. Impact of Crude-Oil Spillage Pollution and Chemical Remediation on Agricultural Soil Properties and Crop Growth. Applied science of environmental management, 14 (4):147 – 154.
Fayadh, M. A. (2007). Characterization and classification of some Vertisols west of Duhok Governorate. Thesis in soil and water sciences, College of Agric. and Forestry, Mosul University.
Gee, G. W., and Or, D., 2002. Particle size distribution: in Dane JH., Topp G .C (Eds.). Methods of soil analysis part 4 physical methods. Soil sci. so. Am. Book series No.5 ASA and SSSA, Madison WI 2002; 201-228.
Grossman, R. B. and Reinch, T. G., 2002. Bulk density and linear extensibility in: methods of soil analysis part 4. Physical methods. Dane, J.H and G.C. Topp. (eds).Soil Science Soc. Am. Book series No.5. ASA and SSA Madison, W.I,:201-228.
Hanlon, E. A., 1993. Soil pH and Electrical Conductivity: A County Extension Soil Laboratory Manual. University of Florida Soil and Water Science Department, CIR1081 (2015), 5-7.
Ijah, U.J .J. and Ukpe, L. I, 1992. Biodegradation of crude Oil by Bacillus strains 28A and 61B isolated from oil spilled soil. Waste Management 123: 55-60.
Jackson, M.L., 1958. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Kumar M., Singh R., Chaurasia, S. and Khare, P., 2016. Physico-chemical examination of lotic water of river Yamuna at Kalpi, district Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh, India, J. Environ. Res. Develop., 10 (3), 529-536.
Okoro, D., Oviasogie, P. O. and Oviasogie, F. E., 2011. Soil quality assessment 33 months after crude oil spillage and clean-up. Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability, 23:1, 1-6.
Olsen, S. R. and Dean, L. D., 1965. Phosphorus in methods of soil analysis, Part2,1035-1049. C. A. Black, ed-in-chief, Number 9 in Agronomy series, Am. Sot. Agron., Madison, Wisconsin.
Reis, J. C., 1996. Environmental control in petroleum engineering. 1st Edn, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston.
Roseta, E. and Ebomotei, E., 2011. Effect of crude oil pollution on soil physicochemical properties and germination percent of Amarantus hybridus. Journal of Soil and Environmental Research, Volume 9,. 97-99.
Salim, H.M. and Spark, D.L., 2001. Heavy metals release in soils, CRC Pressy Lewis Publisher, Baco Raton, FL.
Song, H.G., Wang, X. and Bartha, R., 1990. Bioremediation potential of terrestrial spills, App. Environ. Microbiology, 56 (3), 652-656.
Sulaiman, A. H., Hashim, F. A. and Ameen, H. A., (2014). Effect of Special Clouds Rain in Kashe Industrial Area on Some Chemical Characteristics of Soil (Duhok – Iraq). Journal of MAGNT Research Report. 2 (7):1444-8939.
Talukdar, D. K. and Saikia, B. D., 2010. Effect of Crude Oil on Some Properties of Clayey Soil. IGC-2010, IIT, Mumbai, 349-352.
Tessier, A., Campbell, P. G. C. and Bisson, M., 1979. Sequential extraction procedure for speciation of particulate trace metals .Anal. Chem., 51, 844–851.
Uzoho, B. U. and Oti, N. N., 2004. Phosphorus adsorption characteristics of selected Southeastern Nigeria soils. In: Proceeding of the 29th Annual conference of the Soil Science Society of Nigeria, pp. 121-131.
Walkley, A. and Black, I. A., 1934. An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37:29-37.
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Published
2019-06-30
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Hashim, F. A. (2019). The Effects of Crude Oil Spill on Some Soil Properties of Different Sites in Duhok Governorate-Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 7(2), 50–56. https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2019.7.2.550
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