Pain Caused by Ear Tagging in Kids of Native Black Goats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2021.9.1.781Keywords:
Pain, Goat’s kid, Peripheral temperatures, Behaviour, Ear taggingAbstract
There is no study about changes in behaviour and peripheral temperature of kid goats undergoing ear tagging procedure. This study was designed to elucidate that pain caused by ear tagging affects peripheral temperatures and behavioural observations in Karadi kid goats. Nineteen native black goat kids, aged 10 – 14 days, were used in this study. Eye and nasal temperatures were recorded before the ear tagging process, and after ear tagging 5 periods in 30 minutes. Besides, the researchers observed each kid's behaviour for 30 minutes before ear tagging and 30 minutes after it, using focal sampling method and the data recorded with instantaneous time sampling to measure the duration and frequency of each behaviour of the kids. Results revealed that peripheral temperatures were significantly decreased for both eye (P≤0.01) and ear (P≤0.01) after ear tagging. The temperatures of both eye and ear decreased after tagging significantly (P≤0.01) for 30 minutes. The proportion of time kid goats spent normal standing and suckling the dam’s teat decreased whereas the proportion of time spent head-shaking increased after tagging. Significant differences were found between abnormal standing (P≤0.01) and vocalization (P≤0.01). It is concluded that ear tagging causes a considerable pain in kid goats and using surface temperatures and behaviour are useful indicators to approve it.
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Stewart, M., Webster, J. R., Schaefer, A. L., Cook, N. J. and Scott, S. L. 2005.Infrared thermography as a non-invasive
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Thornton, P. D. and Waterman-Pearson, A. E. 2002. Behavioral responses to castration in lambs’, Animal Welfare, v.11, (2), 203-212.
Broom, D. M. 2009. Animal welfare: future knowledge, attitudes and solutions’, In Proceedings AAWS International Animal Welfare Conference (Volume 42), Queensland, Australia, 1-9.
Cabanac, M. and Aizawa, S. 2000. Fever and tachycardia in a bird (Gallus domesticus) after simple handling. Physiology and Behaiour., 69(4): 541-545.
Cook, N. J., Schaefer, A. L., Warren, L., Burwash, L., Anderson, M. and Baron, V. 2001. Adrenocortical and metabolic responses to ACTH injection in horses: an assessment by salivary cortisol and infrared thermography of the eye, Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 81, 621.
Dalla Costa, E.; Minero, M.; Lebelt, D.; Stucke, D.; Canali, E. & Leach, M. C. 2014. Development of the Horse Grimace Scale (HGS) as a pain assessment tool in horses undergoing routine castration. PLoS ONE, 9 (3): e92281.
Ellen, Y., Flecknell, P., and Leach, M. 2016. Evaluation of using behavioral changes to assess post-operative pain in the guinea pig (Caviaporcellus).PloS one, 11(9), e0161941.
Flecknell, P., Leach, M., and Bateson, M. 2011. Affective state and quality of life in mice. Pain, 152(5), 963-964.
GhassemiNejad, J., Lohakare, J. D., Son, J. K., Kwon, E. G., West, J. W. And Sung, K. I. 2014. ‘Wool cortisol is a better indicator of stress than blood cortisol in ewes exposed to heat stress and water restriction’, Animal, 8, 128-132.
Guesgen, M. J., Beausoleil, N. J., Minot, E. O., Stewart, M., Stafford, K. J., and Morel, P. C. H. 2016. Lambs show changes in ear posture when experiencing pain. Animal Welfare, 25 (2): p.171-177.
Guesgen, M. J., Beausoleil, N. J., Minot, E. O., Stewart, M. and Stafford, K. J. 2014. Social context and other factors influence the behavioral expression of pain by lambs. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 159: 41-49.
Hempstead, M. N., Waas, J. R., Stewart, M., Cave, V. M. and Sutherland, M. A. 2018. Evaluation of alternatives to cautery disbudding of dairy goat kids using physiological measures of immediate and longer-term pain. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(6): 5374-5387.
Hempstead, M. N., Waas, J. R., Stewart, M., Cave, V. M. and Sutherland, M. A. 2017. Behavioral response of dairy goat kids to cautery disbudding. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 194: 42-47.
Hussein, N. J. 2018. Using eye and nasal temperatures to measure positive emotions in free-range hamdani sheep.Basrah Journal Agricultural Sciences, 31(2):24-30.
Hussein, N. J., and Hidayet, H. M. 2019. Changes in Ear Postures of Kid Goats in Response to Ear Tagging.Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(1), 25-33.
Keating, S. C., Thomas, A. A.; Flecknell, P. A. and Leach, M. C. 2012. Evaluation of EMLA cream for preventing pain during tattooing of rabbits: changes in physiological, behavioral and facial expression responses. PloS ONE, 7(9):
Ludwig, N., Gargano, M.; Luzi, F., Carenzi, C. and Verga, M. 2010. Applicability of infrared thermography as a non-invasive measurements of stress in rabbit. World Rabbit Science, 15(4): 199-206.
Martins, R. F. S., Do Prado Paim, T., De Abreu Cardoso, C., Dallago, B. S. L., De Melo, C. B., Louvandini, H. and Mcmanus, C. 2013. Mastitis detection in sheep by infrared thermography. Research in Veterinary Science, 94, 722-724.
Mclennan, K. M.; Rebelo, C. J.; Corke, M. J.; Holmes, M. A.; Leach, M. C. and Constantino-Casas, F. 2016. Development of a facial expression scale using footrot and mastitis as models of pain in sheep.Applied Animal Behavior Science, 176: 19-26.
Moe, R. O.; Bakken, M.; Kittilsen, S.; Kingsley-Smith, H. and Spruijt, B. M.A. 2012. note on reward-related behavior and emotional expressions in farmed silver foxes (Vulpesvulpes) basis for a novel tool to study animal welfare.Applied Animal Behavior Science. 101: 362-368.
Molony, V. and Kent, J. E. 1997.Assessment of Acute Pain in Farm Animals Using Behavioral and Physiological Measurements.Journal of Animal Science, 75, 266-272.
Molony, V.; Kent, J. E. and Mckendrick, I. J. 2002. Validation of a method for assessment of an acute pain in lambs, Applied Animal Behavior Science, 76(3):215-238.
Molony, V., Kent, J. E., Viñuela-Fernández, I., Anderson, C. and Dwyer, C. M. 2012. Pain in lambs castrated at 2days using novel smaller and tighter rubber rings without and with local anaesthetic, The Veterinary Journal, 193:81-86.
Norring, M., Wikman, I., Hokkanen, A. H., Kujala, M. V., and Hänninen, L. 2014. Empathic veterinarians score cattle pain higher. The Veterinary Journal, 200(1), 186-190.
Ohayon, M. M. 2005. Relationship between chronic painful physical condition and insomnia. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 39, 151-159.
Proctor, H. and Carder, G. 2016. Can changes in nasal temperature be used as an indicator of emotional state in cows?.Applied Animal Behavior Science. 184: 1-6.
Proctor, H. S., and Carder, G. 2015. Nasal temperatures in dairy cows are influenced by positive emotional state. Physiology & Behavior, 138, 340-344.
Prunier, A., Mounier, A. M. and Hay, M. 2015. Effects of castration, tooth resection, or tail docking on plasma metabolites and stress hormones in young pigs. Journal of Animal Science, v.83, 216-222.
Prunier, A., Mounier, L., Le Neindre, P., Leterrier, C., Mormède, P., Paulmier, V., Prunet, P., Terlouw, C. and Guatteo, R. 2013. Identifying and monitoring pain in farm animals: a review’, Animal, 7, (06), 998-1010.
Rushen, J., and De Passillé, A. M. 2012. Automated measurement of acceleration can detect effects of age, dehorning and weaning on locomotor play of calves. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 139(3-4),169-174.
Stevens, B. J. and Johnston, C. C. 1994. Physiological responses of premature infants to a painful stimulus .Nursing Research, 43, (4), 226-231.
Stewart, M., Webster, J. R., Verkerk, G. A., Schaefer, A. L., Colyn, J. J. and Stafford, K. J. 2007. Non-invasive measurement of stress in dairy cows using infrared thermography. Physiology and Behavior, 92, (3), 520-525.
Stewart, M., Webster, J. R., Schaefer, A. L., Cook, N. J. and Scott, S. L. 2005.Infrared thermography as a non-invasive
Stubsjøen, S. M., Flø, A. S., Moe, R. O., Janczak, A. M., Skjerve, E., Valle, P. S. and Zanella, A. J. 2009. Exploring non-invasive methods to assess pain in sheep.Physiology and Behavior, 98: 640-648.
Thornton, P. D. and Waterman-Pearson, A. E. 2002. Behavioral responses to castration in lambs’, Animal Welfare, v.11, (2), 203-212.
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Published
2021-03-30
How to Cite
Zebaria, H. M., Hidayet, H. M., Al-Naqshabendy, A. A. I., Hussein, N. J., & Kakarash, N. A. (2021). Pain Caused by Ear Tagging in Kids of Native Black Goats. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 9(1), 15–19. https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2021.9.1.781
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Science Journal of University of Zakho
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