Assessment of the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Surface Water Samples in Birjand Flood Plain, Iran
Keywords:
Water Quality, Hardness, BOD5, Birjand Flood PlainAbstract
The physico-chemical status of twelve surface water samples from the Birjand flood plain of eastern Iran during the November 2010 were assessed. The sampling points were selected on the basis of their importance. The physico-chemical parameter like, pH, temperature (T), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+ ), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO42-), phosphate (PO43-), bicarbonate (HCO3–), carbonate (CO32–), nitrite (NO2–), nitrate (NO3–), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of surface water were determined. Results showed that the quality of surface water not suitable for drinking, with references to the concentrations of EC, TDS, TH, Na+, HCO3-, and BOD5 which are more than the prescribed limits, in most sites. Results also indicated that there were correlations among the measured parameters.
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Babiker, I.S., Mohamed, M.A.A., Terao, H., Kato, K., and Ohta, K. (2004). Assessment of groundwater contamination by nitrate leaching from intensive vegetable cultivation using geographical information system. Environmental International, 29, 1009–1017.
Bhoi, D.K., Raj, D.S., Metha, Y.M., Chauhan, M.B., and Machhar, M.T. (2005). Physicochemical analysis of bore wells drinking water of Nadiad territory. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 17, 404-408.
Chigor, V.N., Umoh, V.J., Okuofu, C.A., Ameh, J.B., Igbinosa, E.O., and Okoh, A.I. (2011). Water quality assessment: surface water sources used for drinking and irrigation in Zaria, Nigeria are a public health hazard. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, doi 10.1007/s10661-011-2396-9
Goldar, B., and Banerjee, N. (2004). Impact of informal regulation of pollution on water quality in rivers in India. Journal of Environmental Management, 73, 117–130.
Holden, W. S. (1970). Water Treatment and Examination. London: J & Churchill Publishers. 513 p.
Jakher, G.R., and Rawat, M. (2003). Studies on physicochemical parameters of tropical, Jodhpur. Journal of Aquatic Biology, 18, 79-83.
Karunakaran, K., Thamilarasu, P., and Sharmila, R. (2009). Statistical study on physicochemical characteristics of groundwater in and around Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India. E-Journal of Chemistry, 6, 909-914.
Manjare, S.A., Vhanalakar, S.A., and Muley, D.V. (2010). Analysis of water quality using physicochemical parameters Tamdalge tank in Kolhapur district, Maharashtra. International Journal of Advances Biotechnology Research, 1, 115-119.
Mansouri, B., Ravangard, E., Rezaaei, Z., and Mansouri, A. (2011). Determining the concentration parameters of quality of drinking water; a case study in Birjand, Iran. International Journal of Current Research and review, 9, 33-36.
Milovanovic, M. (2007). Water quality assessment and determination of pollution sources along the Axios/Vardar river, Southeastern Europe. Desalination, 213, 159–173
Prasanna, M.B., and Ranjan, P.C. (2010). Physico chemical properties of water collected from Dhamra estuary. International Journal of Environmental Science, 1, 334-342.
Peng, T.R., Lin, H.J., Wang, C.H., Liu, T.S., and Kao, S.J. (2011). Pollution and variation of stream nitrate in a protected high-mountain watershed of central Taiwan: evidence from nitrate concentration and nitrogen and oxygen isotope compositions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Doi:10.1007/s10661-011-2314-1
Rai, A.K., Paul, B., and Singh, G. (2011). A study on the physico-chemical analysis of water quality parameters of Patna district, Bihar, India. Plant Archives, 11, 389-392.
Reddi, K.R., Jayaraju, N., Suriyakumar, I., and Sreenivas, K. (1993). Tidal fluctuation in relation to certain physio-chemical parameters in Swarnamukhi river estuary, East coast of India. Journal of Marine Science, 1993, 22: 232-234.
Sanchez, E., Colmenarejo, M.F., Vicente, J., Rubio, A., Garcia, M.G., Travieso, L., and Borja, R. (2007). Use of the water quality index and dissolved oxygen deficit as simple indicators of watersheds pollution. Ecological Indicators, 7, 315- 328.
Shah, M.C., Shilpkar, P., and Sharma, S. (2007). Correlation, regression study on physico-chemical parameters and water quality assessment of ground water of Mansa Taluka in Gujarat. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 19, 3449-3456.
Subba Rao, N., Surya Rao, P., Venktram Reddy, G., Nagamani, M., Vidyasagar, G., and Satyanarayana, N.L.V.V. (2011) Chemical characteristics of groundwater and assessment of groundwater quality in Varaha river basin, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, Doi 10.1007/s10661-011-2333-y
Tebbut, T.H.Y. (1992). Principles of water quality (Pp. 1–251). Oxford, England: Pergamon Press.
Weiner, E.R. (2007). Applications of environmental chemistry: A practical guide. (2nd Ed). CRC Press. Boca Raton; pp. 30-70.
WHO (World Health Organization). (1993). Guidelines for drinking water quality-I, Recommendations. (2nd Ed). Geneva.
WHO (World Health Organization). (2008). Guidelines to drinking water quality (3rd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 1–666). Geneva.
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Published
2013-09-30
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Mansouri, B., Salehi, J., Etebari, B., & Kardanmoghadam, H. (2013). Assessment of the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Surface Water Samples in Birjand Flood Plain, Iran. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 1(2), 420–426. Retrieved from https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz/article/view/157
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