Seasonal Changes in the Occurrence of Listeria Monocytogenes in Duhok Province
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2019.7.1.549Keywords:
Listeria monocytogenes, Listeriosis, Seasonal Changes, Clinical SpecimensAbstract
Listeria monocytogenes are Gram-positive bacilli cause listeriosis, associated with high rates of hospitalization and mortality. A total of 1362 samples were investigated included 647 clinical samples and 715 from food. This study investigated the differences in the seasonal occurrence of L. monocytogenes in Kurdistan region-Iraq. L. monocytogeneswas found in 48 samples (3.52%) out of 1362 samples. There were 7/642(1.09%) human clinical samples diagnosed with cold and moderate weather (November, December 2016, and January, February, April 2017). While 41/715(5.73%) of L. monocytogenesisolates were found among food samples, meat samples (n=37) and dairy samples (n=4). A total of 37/476 (7.77%) of the L. monocytogenes isolates in meat samplesweredetected during warm weather (from July through October 2016). In addition, L. monocytogenesin dairy products was found to be by 4/239 (1.68%), were isolated during the moderate season (October, November 2016, and April, May 2017). The study found that the incidence of meat contamination by L. monocytogenesincrease significantly during the warm season in comparison with other seasons. Furthermore, the cases of human Listeriosis caused correlated well with the seasonal levels of L. monocytogenesfound in dairy products. A statistically significant difference in the occurrence of L. monocytogenesisolates and seasons were identified in this study (P value= <0.05).
References
Adzitey, F., Rahmat Ali, G.R., Huda, N., Cogan, T. and Corry, J. (2013), “Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ducks, their rearing and processing environments in Penang, Malaysia”, Food Control, Elsevier B.V., Vol. 32 No. 2, pp. 607–614.
Alewy, D., Ba-salamah, H.A., Shater, A.-R., Sanabani, A.S. Al, Abd, F.M. and Galil, A. (2016), “Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in Red Meat in Dhamar Governorate / Yemen”, Vol. 2 No. 12, pp. 73–78.
Authority, E.F.S. and Control, E.C. for D.P. and. (2016), “The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2015”, EFSA Journal, Wiley Online Library, Vol. 14 No. 12, p. e04634.
Aznar, R. and Solis, I. (2006), “PCR detection of Listeria monocytogenes in different food products compared with the mini-VIDAS LMO system and the standard procedure ISO 11290-1”, Journal Für Verbraucherschutz Und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Springer, Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 115–120.
Boerlin, P., Boerlin-Petzold, F. and Jemmi, T. (2003), “Use of listeriolysin O and internalin A in a seroepidemiological study of listeriosis in Swiss dairy cows”, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Vol. 41 No. 3, pp. 1055–1061.
Camargo, A.C., Woodward, J.J. and Nero, L.A. (2016), “The continuous challenge of characterizing the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes”, Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 140 Huguenot Street, 3rd Floor New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA, Vol. 13 No. 8, pp. 405–416.
Chen, J.-Q., Regan, P., Laksanalamai, P., Healey, S. and Hu, Z. (2017), “Prevalence and methodologies for detection, characterization and subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes and L. ivanovii in foods and environmental sources”, Food Science and Human Wellness, Elsevier, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 97–120.
Dashti, A.A., Jadaon, M.M., Abdulsamad, A.M. and Dashti, H.M. (2009), “Heat treatment of bacteria: A simple method of DNA extraction for molecular techniques”, Kuwait Med J, Vol. 41 No. 2, pp. 117–122.
Dominguez Rodriguez, L., Vazquez Boland, J.A., Fernandez Garayzabal, J.F., Echalecu Tranchant, P., Gomez-Lucia, E., Rodriguez Ferri, E.F. and Suarez Fernandez, G. (1986), “Microplate technique to determine hemolytic activity for routine typing of Listeria strains”, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 99–103.
Doumith, M., Buchrieser, C., Glaser, P., Jacquet, C. and Martin, P. (2004), “Differentiation of the Major Listeria monocytogenes Serovars by Multiplex PCR”, Vol. 42 No. 8, pp. 3819–3822.
Dumontet, S., Dinel, A. and Baloda, S. (1997), “Pathogen reduction in biosolids by composting and other biological treatments: A literature review”, International Congress, Maratea, Vol. 1, pp. 251–295.
EFSA, E. (2015), “European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control”, EFSA J, Vol. 13, p. 4329.
Elmali, M., CAN, H.Y. and Yaman, H. (2015), “Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in poultry meat”, Food Science and Technology, SciELO Brasil, Vol. 35 No. 4, pp. 672–675.
Farber, J.M. and Peterkin, P.I. (1991), “Listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen.”, Microbiological Reviews, Am Soc Microbiol, Vol. 55 No. 3, pp. 476–511.
Fenlon, D.R., Wilson, J. and Donachie, W. (1996), “The incidence and level of Listeria monocytogenes contamination of food sources at primary production and initial processing”, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Wiley Online Library, Vol. 81 No. 6, pp. 641–650.
GOMBAS, D.E., CHEN, Y., CLAVERO, R.S. and SCOTT, V.N. (2003), “Survey of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Foods”, Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 66 No. 4, pp. 559–569.
Guillet, C., Join-Lambert, O., Le Monnier, A., Leclercq, A., Mechaï, F., Mamzer-Bruneel, M.-F., Bielecka, M.K., et al. (2010), “Human listeriosis caused by Listeria ivanovii”, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Vol. 16 No. 1, p. 136.
Hitchens, A.D. (1995), “Listeria monocytogenes, p. 10.1–10.13”, FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual, 8th Ed. AOAC International, Arlington, Va.
Hitchins, A.D. (2003), “Detection and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes in foods”, Bacteriological Analytical Manual, US Food & Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, Vol. 10.
Jones, K., Betaieb, M. and Telford, D.R. (1990), “Seasonal variation of thermophilic campylobacters in sewage sludge”, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Wiley Online Library, Vol. 69 No. 2, pp. 185–189.
Lee, S., Ward, T.J., Graves, L.M., Wolf, L.A., Sperry, K., Siletzky, R.M. and Kathariou, S. (2012), “Atypical Listeria Monocytogenes serotype 4b strains harboring a lineage II-specific gene cassette”, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 78 No. 3, pp. 660–667.
Liu, D. (2008), Handbook of Listeria Monocytogenes, CRC press.
Liu, D., Lawrence, M.L., Gorski, L., Mandrell, R.E., Ainsworth, A.J. and Austin, F.W. (2006), “Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains belonging to lineages I and III possess distinct molecular features”, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Vol. 44 No. 1, pp. 214–217.
Lomonaco, S., Nucera, D. and Filipello, V. (2015), “The evolution and epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes in Europe and the United States”, Infection, Genetics and Evolution, Elsevier, Vol. 35, pp. 172–183.
MacGowan, A.P., Bowker, K., McLauchlin, J., Bennett, P.M. and Reeves, D.S. (1994), “The occurrence and seasonal changes in the isolation of Listeria spp. in shop bought food stuffs, human faeces, sewage and soil from urban sources”, International Journal of Food Microbiology, Elsevier, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp. 325–334.
McLauchlin, J., Mitchell, Rt., Smerdon, W.J. and Jewell, K. (2004), “Listeria monocytogenes and listeriosis: a review of hazard characterisation for use in microbiological risk assessment of foods”, International Journal of Food Microbiology, Elsevier, Vol. 92 No. 1, pp. 15–33.
Mead, P.S., Slutsker, L., Dietz, V., McCaig, L.F., Bresee, J.S., Shapiro, C., Griffin, P.M., et al. (2000), “Food-related illness and death in the United States”, Journal of Environmental Health, National Environmental Health Association, Vol. 62 No. 7, p. 9.
Meyer-Broseta, S., Diot, A., Bastian, S., Rivière, J. and Cerf, O. (2003), “Estimation of low bacterial concentration: Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk”, International Journal of Food Microbiology, Elsevier, Vol. 80 No. 1, pp. 1–15.
Orsi, R.H., den Bakker, H.C. and Wiedmann, M. (2011), “Listeria monocytogenes lineages: genomics, evolution, ecology, and phenotypic characteristics”, International Journal of Medical Microbiology, Elsevier, Vol. 301 No. 2, pp. 79–96.
Park, S., Jung, H., Lee, M., Choi, H., Kim, J., Jung, J., Park, S., et al. (2016), “Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Foods and Characterization by PFGE”, Advances in Microbiology, Vol. 06 No. 04, pp. 343–349.
Pérez-Trallero, E., Zigorraga, C., Artieda, J., Alkorta, M. and Marimón, J.M. (2014), “Two outbreaks of listeria monocytogenes infection, Northern Spain”, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 20 No. 12, pp. 2155–2157.
Poulsen, K.P. and Czuprynski, C.J. (2013), “Pathogenesis of listeriosis during pregnancy”, Animal Health Research Reviews, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 30–39.
Rhoades, J.R., Duffy, G. and Koutsoumanis, K. (2009), “Prevalence and concentration of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in the beef production chain: a review”, Food Microbiology, Elsevier, Vol. 26 No. 4, pp. 357–376.
Strauch, D. (1991), “Survival of pathogenic microorganisms and parasites in excreta, manure and sewage sludge”, Revue Scientifique et Technique (International Office of Epizootics), Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 813–846.
Swaminathan, B. and Gerner-Smidt, P. (2007), “The epidemiology of human listeriosis”, Microbes and Infection, Elsevier, Vol. 9 No. 10, pp. 1236–1243.
Vázquez-Boland, J.A., Kuhn, M., Berche, P., Chakraborty, T., Domı́nguez-Bernal, G., Goebel, W., González-Zorn, B., et al. (2001), “Listeria pathogenesis and molecular virulence determinants”, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Am Soc Microbiol, Vol. 14 No. 3, pp. 584–640.
Voetsch, A.C., Angulo, F.J., Jones, T.F., Moore, M.R., Nadon, C., McCarthy, P., Shiferaw, B., et al. (2007), “Reduction in the incidence of invasive listeriosis in foodborne diseases active surveillance network sites, 1996–2003”, Clinical Infectious Diseases, The University of Chicago Press, Vol. 44 No. 4, pp. 513–520.
Weller, D., Andrus, A., Wiedmann, M. and den Bakker, H.C. (2015), “Listeria booriae sp. nov. and Listeria newyorkensis sp. nov., from food processing environments in the USA”, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, Vol. 65 No. 1, pp. 286–292.
Wilson, I.G. (1995), “Occurrence of Listeria species in ready to eat foods”, Epidemiology and Infection, Vol. 115 No. 3, pp. 519–526.
Alewy, D., Ba-salamah, H.A., Shater, A.-R., Sanabani, A.S. Al, Abd, F.M. and Galil, A. (2016), “Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in Red Meat in Dhamar Governorate / Yemen”, Vol. 2 No. 12, pp. 73–78.
Authority, E.F.S. and Control, E.C. for D.P. and. (2016), “The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2015”, EFSA Journal, Wiley Online Library, Vol. 14 No. 12, p. e04634.
Aznar, R. and Solis, I. (2006), “PCR detection of Listeria monocytogenes in different food products compared with the mini-VIDAS LMO system and the standard procedure ISO 11290-1”, Journal Für Verbraucherschutz Und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Springer, Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 115–120.
Boerlin, P., Boerlin-Petzold, F. and Jemmi, T. (2003), “Use of listeriolysin O and internalin A in a seroepidemiological study of listeriosis in Swiss dairy cows”, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Vol. 41 No. 3, pp. 1055–1061.
Camargo, A.C., Woodward, J.J. and Nero, L.A. (2016), “The continuous challenge of characterizing the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes”, Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 140 Huguenot Street, 3rd Floor New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA, Vol. 13 No. 8, pp. 405–416.
Chen, J.-Q., Regan, P., Laksanalamai, P., Healey, S. and Hu, Z. (2017), “Prevalence and methodologies for detection, characterization and subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes and L. ivanovii in foods and environmental sources”, Food Science and Human Wellness, Elsevier, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 97–120.
Dashti, A.A., Jadaon, M.M., Abdulsamad, A.M. and Dashti, H.M. (2009), “Heat treatment of bacteria: A simple method of DNA extraction for molecular techniques”, Kuwait Med J, Vol. 41 No. 2, pp. 117–122.
Dominguez Rodriguez, L., Vazquez Boland, J.A., Fernandez Garayzabal, J.F., Echalecu Tranchant, P., Gomez-Lucia, E., Rodriguez Ferri, E.F. and Suarez Fernandez, G. (1986), “Microplate technique to determine hemolytic activity for routine typing of Listeria strains”, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 99–103.
Doumith, M., Buchrieser, C., Glaser, P., Jacquet, C. and Martin, P. (2004), “Differentiation of the Major Listeria monocytogenes Serovars by Multiplex PCR”, Vol. 42 No. 8, pp. 3819–3822.
Dumontet, S., Dinel, A. and Baloda, S. (1997), “Pathogen reduction in biosolids by composting and other biological treatments: A literature review”, International Congress, Maratea, Vol. 1, pp. 251–295.
EFSA, E. (2015), “European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control”, EFSA J, Vol. 13, p. 4329.
Elmali, M., CAN, H.Y. and Yaman, H. (2015), “Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in poultry meat”, Food Science and Technology, SciELO Brasil, Vol. 35 No. 4, pp. 672–675.
Farber, J.M. and Peterkin, P.I. (1991), “Listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen.”, Microbiological Reviews, Am Soc Microbiol, Vol. 55 No. 3, pp. 476–511.
Fenlon, D.R., Wilson, J. and Donachie, W. (1996), “The incidence and level of Listeria monocytogenes contamination of food sources at primary production and initial processing”, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Wiley Online Library, Vol. 81 No. 6, pp. 641–650.
GOMBAS, D.E., CHEN, Y., CLAVERO, R.S. and SCOTT, V.N. (2003), “Survey of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Foods”, Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 66 No. 4, pp. 559–569.
Guillet, C., Join-Lambert, O., Le Monnier, A., Leclercq, A., Mechaï, F., Mamzer-Bruneel, M.-F., Bielecka, M.K., et al. (2010), “Human listeriosis caused by Listeria ivanovii”, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Vol. 16 No. 1, p. 136.
Hitchens, A.D. (1995), “Listeria monocytogenes, p. 10.1–10.13”, FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual, 8th Ed. AOAC International, Arlington, Va.
Hitchins, A.D. (2003), “Detection and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes in foods”, Bacteriological Analytical Manual, US Food & Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, Vol. 10.
Jones, K., Betaieb, M. and Telford, D.R. (1990), “Seasonal variation of thermophilic campylobacters in sewage sludge”, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Wiley Online Library, Vol. 69 No. 2, pp. 185–189.
Lee, S., Ward, T.J., Graves, L.M., Wolf, L.A., Sperry, K., Siletzky, R.M. and Kathariou, S. (2012), “Atypical Listeria Monocytogenes serotype 4b strains harboring a lineage II-specific gene cassette”, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 78 No. 3, pp. 660–667.
Liu, D. (2008), Handbook of Listeria Monocytogenes, CRC press.
Liu, D., Lawrence, M.L., Gorski, L., Mandrell, R.E., Ainsworth, A.J. and Austin, F.W. (2006), “Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains belonging to lineages I and III possess distinct molecular features”, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Vol. 44 No. 1, pp. 214–217.
Lomonaco, S., Nucera, D. and Filipello, V. (2015), “The evolution and epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes in Europe and the United States”, Infection, Genetics and Evolution, Elsevier, Vol. 35, pp. 172–183.
MacGowan, A.P., Bowker, K., McLauchlin, J., Bennett, P.M. and Reeves, D.S. (1994), “The occurrence and seasonal changes in the isolation of Listeria spp. in shop bought food stuffs, human faeces, sewage and soil from urban sources”, International Journal of Food Microbiology, Elsevier, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp. 325–334.
McLauchlin, J., Mitchell, Rt., Smerdon, W.J. and Jewell, K. (2004), “Listeria monocytogenes and listeriosis: a review of hazard characterisation for use in microbiological risk assessment of foods”, International Journal of Food Microbiology, Elsevier, Vol. 92 No. 1, pp. 15–33.
Mead, P.S., Slutsker, L., Dietz, V., McCaig, L.F., Bresee, J.S., Shapiro, C., Griffin, P.M., et al. (2000), “Food-related illness and death in the United States”, Journal of Environmental Health, National Environmental Health Association, Vol. 62 No. 7, p. 9.
Meyer-Broseta, S., Diot, A., Bastian, S., Rivière, J. and Cerf, O. (2003), “Estimation of low bacterial concentration: Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk”, International Journal of Food Microbiology, Elsevier, Vol. 80 No. 1, pp. 1–15.
Orsi, R.H., den Bakker, H.C. and Wiedmann, M. (2011), “Listeria monocytogenes lineages: genomics, evolution, ecology, and phenotypic characteristics”, International Journal of Medical Microbiology, Elsevier, Vol. 301 No. 2, pp. 79–96.
Park, S., Jung, H., Lee, M., Choi, H., Kim, J., Jung, J., Park, S., et al. (2016), “Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Foods and Characterization by PFGE”, Advances in Microbiology, Vol. 06 No. 04, pp. 343–349.
Pérez-Trallero, E., Zigorraga, C., Artieda, J., Alkorta, M. and Marimón, J.M. (2014), “Two outbreaks of listeria monocytogenes infection, Northern Spain”, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 20 No. 12, pp. 2155–2157.
Poulsen, K.P. and Czuprynski, C.J. (2013), “Pathogenesis of listeriosis during pregnancy”, Animal Health Research Reviews, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 30–39.
Rhoades, J.R., Duffy, G. and Koutsoumanis, K. (2009), “Prevalence and concentration of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in the beef production chain: a review”, Food Microbiology, Elsevier, Vol. 26 No. 4, pp. 357–376.
Strauch, D. (1991), “Survival of pathogenic microorganisms and parasites in excreta, manure and sewage sludge”, Revue Scientifique et Technique (International Office of Epizootics), Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 813–846.
Swaminathan, B. and Gerner-Smidt, P. (2007), “The epidemiology of human listeriosis”, Microbes and Infection, Elsevier, Vol. 9 No. 10, pp. 1236–1243.
Vázquez-Boland, J.A., Kuhn, M., Berche, P., Chakraborty, T., Domı́nguez-Bernal, G., Goebel, W., González-Zorn, B., et al. (2001), “Listeria pathogenesis and molecular virulence determinants”, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Am Soc Microbiol, Vol. 14 No. 3, pp. 584–640.
Voetsch, A.C., Angulo, F.J., Jones, T.F., Moore, M.R., Nadon, C., McCarthy, P., Shiferaw, B., et al. (2007), “Reduction in the incidence of invasive listeriosis in foodborne diseases active surveillance network sites, 1996–2003”, Clinical Infectious Diseases, The University of Chicago Press, Vol. 44 No. 4, pp. 513–520.
Weller, D., Andrus, A., Wiedmann, M. and den Bakker, H.C. (2015), “Listeria booriae sp. nov. and Listeria newyorkensis sp. nov., from food processing environments in the USA”, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, Vol. 65 No. 1, pp. 286–292.
Wilson, I.G. (1995), “Occurrence of Listeria species in ready to eat foods”, Epidemiology and Infection, Vol. 115 No. 3, pp. 519–526.
Downloads
Published
2019-03-30
How to Cite
Al-Brefkani, A. M. T., & Mammani, I. M. A. (2019). Seasonal Changes in the Occurrence of Listeria Monocytogenes in Duhok Province. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 7(1), 5–9. https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2019.7.1.549
Issue
Section
Science Journal of University of Zakho
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0] that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work, with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online.
