The Incidence Of Intestinal Parasites Among Children In Hivi Pediatric Hospital, Duhok, Iraq
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2019.7.1.571Keywords:
Children Infection, Protozoa, Helminthes, Parasitic Infection, Gastrointestinal InfectionAbstract
This study has conducted in Hivi Pediatric Hospital, Duhok Province, Iraq, to estimate the gastrointestinal parasites infection among patients contacted this hospital. Overall patients, 22.27% (261/1,172) were diagnosed as infected by parasites; more of them were from summer season with the infection rate of 24.83% (216/870) versus 14.90% (45/302) in autumn, rural residence had a greater rate of infection 65.90% (172/261) as compared with urban residence 34.09 (89/261), males were more infected than females (63.98% versus 36.02% respectively), the age group of three years and less had the highest rate of infection, while the age group of more than 9 years had the lowest rate (57.85%, 4.98% respectively). Concerning the children feeding way, the artificially feeding had the highest rate then mixed feeding and Breastfeeding (58.16%, 25.53% and 16.31% respectively). As general, the infection with protozoa (84.67) was higher than helminthes (18.01%) with some cases of infection by both of protozoa and helminthes (4.98). Regarding each parasite separately, Entamoeba histolytica had the highest infection rate then Giardia lamblia., Enterobius vermicularis, Cryptosporidium Spp., Entamoeba coliandBlastocystis hominis (38.70%, 25.67%, 18.01, 9.20%, 6.51 and 4.60 respectively).
References
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[31] Hama A. Intestinal parasites in relation to malnutrition among primary school children in Erbil Province, with evaluation of some anti-parasitic drugs. PhD diss., council of the College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil; 2007.
[32] Hussein AH, Rashed SM, El-Hayawan IA, Aly NS, Ouf EA, Ali AT. Intestinal parasite infections and accuracy of direct thin and thick smear, formol-ether sedimentation, centrifugal flotation, and mini-FLOTAC techniques among patients with gastrointestinal tract disorders from the Greater Cairo region, Egypt. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2017 Mar 8;96(3):589-94.
[2] Mero WM, Hussein JN. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites Among Children in Various Localities of Duhok City and Nearby Villages. Science Journal of University of Zakho 2013;1:189.
[3] Al-Khalefawi MJM. Study on the parasites of digestive canal of children under five years and their effects on some blood parameters. M.Sc. Thesis.College of Science. University of Al Mustansirya; 2006.
[4] Al-Hindi AI, El-Kichaoi AY. Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites among pre-school children, Gaza, Palestine. IUG Journal of Natural Studies 2015;16.
[5] Harhay MO, Horton J, Olliaro PL. Epidemiology and control of human gastrointestinal parasites in children. Expert review of anti-infective therapy 2010;8:219.
[6] Carvajal-Restrepo H, Orrego-Morales C, Vega-Orrego T, Arango-Arango S, Buitrago-Agudelo D, Maya-Betancourt MC, et al. Screening for intestinal parasites in adults from three different regions of Colombia. Infectio 2018;23:33.
[7] Mohammad-Ali, S. M. Prevalence of Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica in infected children in Kalar town with some serological and biochemical parameters. M.Sc. thesis, college of science, Sulaimani university-Sulaimani, 2009.
[8] Dhanabal J, Selvadoss PP, Muthuswamy K. Comparative study of the prevalence of intestinal parasites in low socioeconomic areas from South Chennai, Indian Journal of parasitology research 2014;2014.
[9] Develoux M, Alarou A, Mouchet F. High prevalence of giardiasis in an urban population in Niger. The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 1990;93:355.
[10] Hawezy A. The causes of diarrhoea among children in Erbil district. M. Sc. Thesis, College of Medicine, University of Duhok; 2000.
[11] Miranda JAN. Prevalencia de parasitosis interstinales en unidades eduativas de Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela. Revista Cuidarte 2015;6:1076.
[12] Organization WH. Prevention and control of intestinal parasitic infections: report of a WHO Expert Committee [meeting held in Geneva from 3 to 7 March 1986]. 1987.
[13] van Lieshout L, Roestenberg M. Clinical consequences of new diagnostic tools for intestinal parasites. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2015;21:520.
[14] Petney TN, Andrews RH. Multiparasite communities in animals and humans: frequency, structure and pathogenic significance. International journal for parasitology 1998;28:377.
[15] Berkman DS, Lescano AG, Gilman RH, Lopez SL, Black MM. Effects of stunting, diarrhoeal disease, and parasitic infection during infancy on cognition in late childhood: a follow-up study. The Lancet 2002;359:564.
[16] Ijaz MK, Rubino JR. Impact of infectious diseases on cognitive development in childhood and beyond: potential mitigational role of hygiene. Open Infectious Diseases Journal 2012;6:65.
[17] Halliez MC, Buret AG. Extra-intestinal and long term consequences of Giardia duodenalis infections. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG 2013; 19:8974.
[18] Oliveira D, Ferreira FS, Atouguia J, Fortes F, Guerra A, Centeno-Lima S. Infection by intestinal parasites, stunting and anemia in school-aged children from southern Angola. PLoS one 2015;10:e0137327.
[19] Hotez Hotez PJ, Alvarado M, Basáñez MG, Bolliger I, Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Brooker SJ, Brown AS, Buckle G, Budke CM, Carabin H. The global burden of disease study 2010: interpretation and implications for the neglected tropical diseases. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2014 Jul 24;8(7):e2865.
[20] Organization WH. The World health report 1996: fighting disease, fostering development: executive summary. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996.
[21] Naghavi M, Wang H, Lozano R, Davis A, Liang X, Zhou M. GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2015;385:117.
[22] Parija SC, Jeremiah S. Blastocystis: Taxonomy, biology and virulence. Tropical parasitology 2013;3:17.
[23] Roberts T, Stark D, Harkness J, Ellis J. Update on the pathogenic potential and treatment options for Blastocystis sp. Gut Pathogens 2014;6:17.
[24] Ajjampur SS, Tan KS. Pathogenic mechanisms in Blastocystis spp.—interpreting results from in vitro and in vivo studies. Parasitology international 2016;65:772.
[25] Fréalle E, El Safadi D, Cian A, Aubry E, Certad G, Osman M, et al. Acute Blastocystis-associated appendicular peritonitis in a child, Casablanca, Morocco. Emerging infectious diseases 2015;21:91.
[26] Chanu NO, Singh T, Dutta S. Occurrence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections with Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children in Sikkim. International Journal of Scientific Research 2018;6.
[27] Duhok, Directorate for of Weather Forecasts Annual Report. 2018.
[28] Amin OM. Seasonal prevalence of intestinal parasites in the United States during 2000. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2002; 66:799.
[29] Al Saeed A, Issa S. Frequency of Giardia lamblia among children in Dohuk, northern Iraq. Eastern Mediterranean health journal, 2006; 12(5), 555-562.
[30] Ahmed, O. M. "Prevalence of intestinal parasites among food handlers and primary schoolchildren in Erbil Province, with initial cultivation of Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903." PhD diss., Salahaddin University. Erbil; 2006.
[31] Hama A. Intestinal parasites in relation to malnutrition among primary school children in Erbil Province, with evaluation of some anti-parasitic drugs. PhD diss., council of the College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil; 2007.
[32] Hussein AH, Rashed SM, El-Hayawan IA, Aly NS, Ouf EA, Ali AT. Intestinal parasite infections and accuracy of direct thin and thick smear, formol-ether sedimentation, centrifugal flotation, and mini-FLOTAC techniques among patients with gastrointestinal tract disorders from the Greater Cairo region, Egypt. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2017 Mar 8;96(3):589-94.
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Published
2019-03-30
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Hussein, J. N., & Meerkhan, A. A. (2019). The Incidence Of Intestinal Parasites Among Children In Hivi Pediatric Hospital, Duhok, Iraq. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 7(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2019.7.1.571
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