Use of Pollen Morphology Traits for Identifying Species of Centaurea L. Asteraceae in Kurdistan-Iraq
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2020.8.4.754Keywords:
Centaurea L, Microspinules, Suboblate, Prolate, Centaurea regiaAbstract
The polleniferous material of Centaurea taxa grow in Kurdistan-Iraq was collected. Samples were tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). In the polar view, pollen grain outlines are mostly triangular or triangular-circular. In equatorial view, the elliptic shape is common, while circulars or semicircular shapes are rare. The exine sculpture is scabrate, and the tectum is perforate. Number of sculpture microspinules/ µm², and their heights together with the number of wall perforations provide significant characters for taxa delimitation. Pollen grains of all species are of medium size, very few of some species pollen are larger or smaller in size. Species producing subprolate pollen shape is common, while oblate spheroidal and Prolate spheroidal shapes are less common. The principal component analysis and the discriminant analysis can recognize 65.478% and 87.54% of the total variability respectively; moreover, the discriminant function can correctly classify 125 or 78.125% out of 160 observations for pollen traits.
References
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Binzat, O. K., Kahraman, A., & Doğan, M. (2014). Pollen morphology of some taxa of Vicia L. subgenus Vicilla (Schur) Rouy (Fabaceae) from Turkey. Plant Systematics and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1013-0
Blackmore, S. (1996). The impact of palynology on taxonomy Bot. Macaronésica.
Blackmore, S., & Barnes, S. H. (1991). Palynological diversity. In Pallen and Spores: Patterns of Diversification (pp. 1–8).
Bremer, K. (1994). Asteraceae, Ciadistics & Classification. pp. Timber Press, Inc., 9999 S. W. Wilshire, Suite 124, Port land, Oregon 97225.
Davis, P. H., & Heywood, V. H. (1963). Principles of angiosperm taxonomy. Principles of angiosperm taxonomy.Oliver & Boyd;, 1st edition .
Dittrich, M. (1977). CynareaeÐsystematic review. In In: Heywood VH, Harborne JB, Turner BL, eds. The biology and chemistry of the Compositae. London, New York, San Francisco: Academic Press, 999±1015.
Edwards, K. J. (1983). Quaternary palynology: Consideration of a discipline. Progress in Physical Geography. https://doi.org/10.1177/030913338300700106
Edwards, K. J., & Macdonald, G. M. (1991). Holocene palynology: II human influence and vegetation change. Progress in Physical Geography. https://doi.org/10.1177/030913339101500402
Erdtman, G. (1945). Pollen morophology and plant taxonomy. 111. Morina L., with an adition on pollen-morphology terminology. Svensk. Botany. Tidskr. 39.
Erdtman, G. (1952). Pollen morophology and plant taxonomy. Angiosperms. Chronica Botanica Co., Wathman, Massachusettes.
Erdtman, G. (1971). Pollen morophology and plant taxonomy. Hafner publishing company. New York, USA.
Erkara, I. P., Köse, Y. B., Osoydan, K., & Yücel, E. (2012). Pollen morphology of some endemic Turkish Centaurea L. (Asteraceae, section Phaloletis) and their taxonomic value. Plant Systematics and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-012-0623-7
Huntley, B. (1990). European post-glacial forests: compositional changes in response to climatic change. Journal of Vegetation Science. https://doi.org/10.2307/3235785
Meo, A. A., & Khan, M. A. (2003). POLLEN MORPHOLOGY oF ACHILLEA (CoMPosirAE-ANTHEMoIDEAE). Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res, 9(3–4), 253-258.
Prentice, C. (1988). Records of vegetation in time and space: the principles of pollen analysis. In Vegetation history. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3081-0_2
Punt, W., Hoen, P. P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S., & Le Thomas, A. (2007). Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.06.008
Radford, A. E., Dickison, W. C., Massey, J. R., & Bell, C. R. (1974). Vascular plant systematics. Harper & Row. New York, NY.
Shabestari, E. S. B., Attar, F., Riahi, H., & Sheidai, M. (2013). Pollen morphology of Centaurea L. (Asteraceae) in Iran. Acta Botanica Brasilica. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062013000400004
Susanna, A., & Garcia-Jacas, N. (2007). Tribe Cardueae. In In J. W.Kadereit and C. Jeffrey [eds.], Flowering plant: Eudicots, Asterales,vol. VIII. In K. Kubitzki [ed.], (pp. 123–146). Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
Tasar, N., Doğan, G., Kiran, Y., Oliur Rahman, M., & Çakilcioğlu, U. (2018). Morphological, anatomical and cytological investigations on three taxa of Centaurea L. (Asteraceae) from Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v25i2.39527.
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Published
2020-12-30
How to Cite
Ismail, R. Y., & Shahbaz, S. E. (2020). Use of Pollen Morphology Traits for Identifying Species of Centaurea L. Asteraceae in Kurdistan-Iraq. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 8(4), 131–138. https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2020.8.4.754
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