Evaluation of Soil Pollution by Some Heavy Metals Via Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) Technique in Zakho District, Kurdistan Region - Iraq

Authors

  • Jindy M. Jindy Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
  • Amin K. Qasim Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
  • Sagvan A. Mohamad Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2020.8.4.765

Keywords:

Heavy metals, Soil, Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), Zakho district

Abstract

In this study, the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) technique has been used in analysing 26 soil samples for five heavy metals: Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cr3+ and Ni2+ in Zakho district, Kurdistan region - Iraq. Heavy metals can be accrued to the soil during the releases of industrial waste, removal of extraordinary quality metal waste, petrochemical falls and etc. In all soil samples, heavy metals concentration was found in the range of 0.541 - 4.339 mg/L for Pb, 0.118 - 0.797 mg/L for Cu, 1.260 - 5.540  mg/L for Zn, 1.315 - 2.102 mg/L for Cr and 1.049 -1.635 mg/L for Ni. As shown in the result, the heavy metals concentration contents increases with fossil fuel combustion, industrial releases, and agricultural activities. However, the results of the AAS technique was found that the high concentration element Pb and Zn were determined than the other elements like Cu, Cr and Ni but less than acceptable limits in all cases. Regarding to achieve data in the recent research, soil of case study can be relatively considered unpolluted, healthy and it is suitable for growth plants and usable for other purposes.

Author Biographies

Jindy M. Jindy, Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq - (jindy.murad@uoz.edu.krd)

Amin K. Qasim, Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (amin.qasim@uoz.edu.krd)

Sagvan A. Mohamad, Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

References

1. Yu, S., Y.-g. Zhu, and X.-d. Li, 2012. Trace metal contamination in urban soils of China. Science of the total environment, 421: p. 17-30.
2. Khorshid, M.S.H. and S. Thiele-Bruhn, 2016. Contamination status and assessment of urban and non-urban soils in the region of Sulaimani City, Kurdistan, Iraq. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(16): p. 1171.
3. Strumylaite, L., et al., 2014. Association between cadmium and breast cancer risk according to estrogen receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2: epidemiological evidence. Breast cancer research and treatment, 145(1): p. 225-232.
4. Al-Hamzawi, A.A. and M.G. Al-Gharabi, 2019. Heavy metals concentrations in selected soil samples of Al-Diwaniyah governorate, Southern Iraq. SN Applied Sciences, 1(8): p. 854.
5. Wong, C.S., X. Li, and I. Thornton, 2006.Urban environmental geochemistry of trace metals. Environmental pollution, 142(1): p. 1-16.
6. Amato, F., et al., 2009. Spatial and chemical patterns of PM10 in road dust deposited in urban environment. Atmospheric Environment, 43(9): p. 1650-1659.
7. Ajmone-Marsan, F. and M. Biasioli, 2010. Trace elements in soils of urban areas. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 213(1-4): p. 121-143.
8. Trujillo-González, J.M., et al., 2016. Heavy metal accumulation related to population density in road dust samples taken from urban sites under different land uses. Science of the total environment, 553: p. 636-642.
9. Rudolf, M., 2019. Conceptualising crisis, refugees and IDPs: insights from northern Iraq on vulnerabilities and needs caused by displacement.
10. Maurya, A., L. Kesharwani, and M.K. 2018. Mishra, Analysis of Heavy Metal in Soil through Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Forensic Consideration. Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol, 6: p. 231-242.
11. Aclan, G., et al., Determination of Lead in Soil and Plants and Risk Assessment of its Effects among Preschool Children in Daycare Center in Manila, Philippines.
12. Alaboudi, K.A., B. Ahmed, and G. Brodie, 2018. Phytoremediation of Pb and Cd contaminated soils by using sunflower (Helianthus annuus) plant. Annals of agricultural sciences, 63(1): p. 123-127.
13. Martınez, C. and H. Motto, 2000. Solubility of lead, zinc and copper added to mineral soils. Environmental pollution, 107(1): p. 153-158.
14. Eriksson, J., A. Andersson, and R. Andersson, 1997. The state of Swedish farmlands. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Stockholm, Sweden: Tech. Rep,: p. 4778.
15. Harmanescu, M., et al., 2011. Heavy metals health risk assessment for population via consumption of vegetables grown in old mining area; a case study: Banat County, Romania. Chemistry Central Journal, 5(1): p. 64.
16. Wuana, R.A. and F.E. Okieimen, 2011.Heavy metals in contaminated soils: a review of sources, chemistry, risks and best available strategies for remediation. Isrn Ecology, 2011.
17. Chauhan, S., R. Thakur, and G. Sharma, 2008. Nickel: its availability and reactions in soil. Journal of Industrial Pollution Control, 24(1): p. 1-8.

Downloads

Published

2020-12-30

How to Cite

Jindy, J. M., Qasim, A. K., & Mohamad, S. A. (2020). Evaluation of Soil Pollution by Some Heavy Metals Via Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) Technique in Zakho District, Kurdistan Region - Iraq. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 8(4), 145–148. https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2020.8.4.765

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 4 (2020): December, 30

Section

Science Journal of University of Zakho

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0] that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work, with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online.