Evaluation and Parameterization of Air Pollutants as A Function of Meteorological Parameters in Zakho City, Kurdistan Region -Iraq
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2022.10.3.919Keywords:
Air pollution, Meteorological parameters (MP), Gaseous pollutants, Linear regression analysis, Zakho cityAbstract
Many cities in Iraq are facing environmental issues, such as air, and noise pollution, due to huge increases in population, vehicles density, heavy traffic congestion, as well as petroleum extraction. Therefore, the quality of the air has deteriorated and has threatened citizens’ health. In this research, the concentration of gaseous pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), methane (CH4), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were measured at five locations near heavy traffic jams in Zakho City, (north of Iraq) during autumn and winter 2021-2022. In addition, the relationship between these pollutants and the meteorological parameter was investigated such as temperature (T, °C), relative humidity (RH, %), atmospheric pressure (AP, mbar), wind speed (WS, m/s), and wind direction (WD). Methane (CH4), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gases were not detected at all locations. In autumn, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and ozone (O3) concentrations ranged from 0.0468-8.852 ppm, 0.0497-0.071%, and 0.0012-0.145 ppm, respectively, and 0.056-8.667 ppm, 0.0417-0.06 Vol%, and 0.0006-0.0571ppm respectively during winter. The results show that concentrations of recorded gases and meteorological parameters were weakly correlated.
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Choudhary, M. P., & Garg, V. (2013, August). Causes, consequences and control of air pollution. In All India Seminar on Methodologies for Air Pollution Control, held at MNIT.
Duo, B., Cui, L., Wang, Z., Li, R., Zhang, L., Fu, H., ... & Qiong, A. (2018). Observations of atmospheric pollutants at Lhasa during 2014–2015: pollution status and the influence of meteorological factors. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 63, 28-42.
Elminir, H. K. (2005). Dependence of urban air pollutants on meteorology. Science of the Total Environment, 350(1-3), 225-237.
Ghorani-Azam, A., Riahi-Zanjani, B., & Balali-Mood, M. (2016). Effects of air pollution on human health and practical measures for prevention in Iran. Journal of research in medical sciences: the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 21,65.
Habermann, M., Medeiros, A. P. P., & Gouveiai, N. (2011). Vehicular traffic as a method to evaluate air pollution in large cities [Trafego veicular como metodo de avaliacao da exposiçao a poluicao atmosferica nas grandes metropoles]. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia.
Hassoon, H. A. (2019). Measurement of carbon monoxide emissions from vehicles exhaust pipe using portable gas detector. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 50(3).
Holnicki, P., Nahorski, Z., & Kałuszko, A. (2021). Impact of Vehicle Fleet Modernization on the Traffic-Originated Air Pollution in an Urban Area—A Case Study. Atmosphere, 12(12), 1581.
Jindy, J. M., Qasim, A. K., & Mohamad, S. A. (2020). Evaluation of Soil Pollution by Some Heavy Metals Via Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) Technique in Zakho District, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 8(4), 145-148.
Kan, H., Chen, B., Zhao, N., London, S. J., Song, G., Chen, G., ... & Jiang, L. (2010). Part 1. A time-series study of ambient air pollution and daily mortality in Shanghai, China. Research report (Health Effects Institute), (154), 17-78.
Lewicki, J. L., Hilley, G. E., Dobeck, L., & Spangler, L. (2010). Dynamics of CO2 fluxes and concentrations during a shallow subsurface CO2 release. Environmental Earth Sciences, 60(2), 285-297.
Li, M., Yu, S., Chen, X., Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, L., ... & Seinfeld, J. H. (2021). Large scale control of surface ozone by relative humidity observed during warm seasons in China. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 19(6), 3981-3989.
Li, R., Wang, Z., Cui, L., Fu, H., Zhang, L., Kong, L., ... & Chen, J. (2019). Air pollution characteristics in China during 2015–2016: Spatiotemporal variations and key meteorological factors. Science of the total environment, 648, 902-915.
Ma’rufatin, A., & Kusnoputranto, H. (2018). Investigating the relationship between variation of greenhouse gases concentrations and humidex. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 74, p. 11004). EDP Sciences.
Mahdi, B. H., Yousif, K. M., & Dosky, L. S. (2020). Influence of meteorological parameters on air quality and other pollutants in Duhok city, Iraq. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science, 51(4), 1160-1172.
Mahdi, B. H., Yousif, K. M., & Dosky, L. S. (2018, December). Characterization of airborne particles collected in Duhok city (in Iraq), by using various techniques. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 454, No. 1, p. 012073). IOP Publishing.
Mahdi, B. H. (2021, March). Measurement of Fall Rate and Analysis of Atmospheric Falling Dust in Duhok Governorate of Iraq by Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and X-ray Diffraction. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1829, No. 1, p. 012001). IOP Publishing.
Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2020). Environmental and health impacts of air pollution: a review. Frontiers in public health, 14.
Metya, A., Datye, A., Chakraborty, S., Tiwari, Y. K., Sarma, D., Bora, A., & Gogoi, N. (2021). Diurnal and seasonal variability of CO2 and CH4 concentration in a semi-urban environment of western India. Scientific reports, 11(1), 1-13.
Mohamed, A. M. O., Maraqa, M. A., Howari, F. M., & Paleologos, E. K. (2021). Outdoor air pollutants: sources, characteristics, and impact on human health and the environment. In Pollution Assessment for Sustainable Practices in Applied Sciences and Engineering (pp. 491-554).
Ocak, S., & Turalioglu, F. S. (2008). Effect of meteorology on the atmospheric concentrations of traffic-related pollutants in Erzurum, Turkey. J. Int. Environmental Application & Science, 3(5), 325-335.
Pathakoti, M., Gaddamidi, S., Gharai, B., Sudhakaran Syamala, P., Rao, P. V. N., Choudhury, S. B., ... & Dadhwal, V. K. (2018). Influence of meteorological parameters on atmospheric CO2 at Bharati, the Indian Antarctic research station. Polar Research, 37(1), 1442072.
Rai, P. (2015). Biomagnetic monitoring of particulate matter: in the Indo-Burma hotspot region. Elsevier.
Steinfeld, J. I. (1998). Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 40(7), 26-26.
Vtoryi, V., Vtoryi, S., Lantsova, E., & Gordeev, V. (2016, May). Effect of weather conditions on content of carbon dioxide in barns. In Proceedings 15th International Scientific Conference «Engineering for rural development (pp. 437-441).
Zhou, H., Yu, Y., Gu, X., X., Wu, Y., Wang, M., Yue, H., ... & Ge, X. (2020). Characteristics of Air Pollution and Their Relationship with Meteorological Parameters: Northern versus Southern Cities of China. Atmosphere, 11 (3), 253.
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Published
2022-07-01
How to Cite
Hassan, D. D., Yousif, K. M., & Qasim, A. K. (2022). Evaluation and Parameterization of Air Pollutants as A Function of Meteorological Parameters in Zakho City, Kurdistan Region -Iraq. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 10(3), 81–85. https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2022.10.3.919
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Science Journal of University of Zakho
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