Study of The Parasites of The Local Chickens (Gallus Gallus Domisticus) in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
Keywords:
Local chickens, ecto and endoparasites, lice, cestode, nematodesAbstract
One hundred and twenty chickens the local breed (Gallus gallus domesticus) were examined during the period from June to October 2012 in Duhok Province / Kurdistan Region of Iraq. To investigate the prevalence of ecto and endoparasites among them. The recorded parasites included: Two species of lice namely Mencanths stramineus with infestation rates of 34% and Goniocotes gallinae, with infestation rate of 0.8%. One species of soft tick, genus Aragas persicus, was also recorded, with an infestation rate of 4.1%. Whereas, the endoparasite examination revealed 16.6% from protozoa (Eimeria) and the presence of four nematodes and six cestode species, but no trematodes and blood parasites. The highest nematode infection rate was 46.6% with Subulura species, followed by Ascaridia galli with infection rate of 38.3%, Heterakis gallinarum with infection rate of 25% and, Capillaria with infection rate of 4.1%. Regarding cestodes, the recorded species included: Raillietina tetragona, R. echinobothrida, R. cesticillus, Fimbriaria fasciolari, Davainea proglottina, and Amoebotaenia sphenoides with infection rates of 27.5%, 24.1%, 6.6%, 1.6%, 2.5%, and 0.8%, respectively.
References
Ashenafi, H. and Yimer, E. (2005). Ectoparasites of local scavenging chickens of central Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal Science, 28 (1): 69–74
Bachaya, H. A.; Raza, M. A.; Khan, M. N.; Iqbal, Z.; Abbas, R. Z.; Murtaza, S. and Badar, N. (2012). Predominance and detection of different Eimeria spiecies causing coccidiosis in layer chickens. Journal of Animal Plant &Sciences, 22(3): 597-600.
Eslami, A.; Ghaemi, P. and Rahbari, S. (2009). Parasitic Infection of Free-Range Chickens from Golestan Province, Iran. Iranian J. parasitol., 4 (3):10-14.
Kaingu, F. B.; Kibpr, A. C.; Ahivairo, R.; Kutima, H.; Okeno, T. O.; Waihenya, R. and Kahi, A. K. (2010). Prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminthes and coccidian in indigenous chicken from different agro-climatic zones in Kenya.African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(6): 458-462.
Matur, B. M.; Dawam, N. N. and Malann, Y. D. (2010). Gastrointestinal Helminthes parasites of local and exotic Chickens Slaughtered in Gwagwalada, Abuja (FCT), Nigeria. New York Science Journal, 3(5): 96-99.
Mirhadi, K.; Yagoob, G.; Alireza, A. and Heidar, K. (2011). The Effect of Ivermection Pour on Administration Against Natural Heterakis gallinarum Infection and its prevalence in Native Poultry. Research Journal of Poultry Sciences, 4(3): 41-44.
Moyo, S. (2009). Alternative Practices Used By Resource-Limited Farmers to Control Fleas in Free-Range Chickens in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. M.S.C, South Africa. Thesis M.Sc. Faculty of Science and Agriculture. University of Fort Hare.
Muhairwa, A. P.; Msoffe, P. L.; Ramadhani, S.; Mollel, E. L.; Mtambo, M. M. A. and Kassuku, A. A., (2007). Prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminthes in free-range ducks in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 19 (4):1-6.
Sayyed, R. S.; Phulan, M. S.; Bhatti, W. M.; Pardehi, M. and Ali, S. (2000). Incidence of Nematodes parasites in commercial layers in Swat.Pakistan Vet. J., 20 (2):107-108.
Soulsby, E. J. L. (1982). Helminths, Arthropodes and protozoa of domesticated Animals. 7 edsBailliere Tindal, London, U.K. pp: 99-166.
Tesfaheywet, Z.; Amare, E. and Hailu, Z. (2012). Helminthosis of Chickens in Selected Small Scale Commercial Poultry Farms in and around HaramayaWoreda, Southeastern Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Advances, 2(9): 462-468.
Urquhart, G.M.; Armour, J.; Duncan, J. L.; Dunn, A.M. and Jennings, F.W. (1996). Veterinary Parasitology. 2ed Edition. Blackwell Science Ltd. Osney Mead. Oxford Oel, London.
Yadav, A. K. and Tandon, V. (1991). Helminth parasitism of domestic fowl (Gallus gallusdomesticus) in a subtropical high rainfall area of India. Beitr Trop Land Wirtsch Vet Med., 29: 97-104.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0] that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work, with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online.