Antagonism of Trichoderma harzianum and Clonostachys rosea against fungi associated with grapevine decline in Kurdistan region - Iraq
Keywords:
Antagonism, biological control, grapevine decline, fungi, IraqAbstract
This study was carried out to test in vitro the efficiency of Clonostachys rosea and Trichoderma harzianum as bicontrol agents against fungi isolated from declining grapevine trees in Iraq. In vitro assays showed a good antagonistic activity of C. rosea against the colony growth of Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Cylindrocarpon destructans; the values of x coefficient were 0.90 of each with significance differences comparing with antagonism behavior against B. parva (x=1.43). T.harzianum showed highly response against the growth of all tested fungi with x coefficient ranged between 0.50 - 0.65; which was higher than that of C.rosea. The test revealed significant growth inhibition of C.rosea against P.aleophilum, which were 46.60%, 55.17%, 74.33% in the concentrations 5%, 10%, and 15% respectively. No inhibition appeared in the growth of both Botryosphaeria parva and Macrophomina phaseolina .The filtrate of T. harzianum decreased the growth of P. aleophilum to 19% and 19.83% with the filtrate concentrations 10% and 15% respectively. B.parvawas also affected by the concentration 10% and 15% of T harzianum, the inhibition reached to 12.66% and 12.82% respectively. The inhibition in the growth of M. phaseolina ranged between 20 – 28%, but in the C. destrcuctans have recorded the lowest inhibition percentages in the concentration 5% (5.25%) and 10% (6.91%).
References
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Anita, S., Ponmurugan,P and Ganesh Babu, R (2012). Significance of secondary metabolites and enzymes secreted by Trichoderma atroviride isolates for the biological control of phomopsis canker disease. African J.Biotechnol.11(45): 10350-10357.
Bell D.K., Wells H.D. and Markham C.R (1982).In vitro antagonism of Trichoderma species against six fungal plant pathogens. Phytopathology .72:379-382.
Benitez, T, Rincon, A.M., Limon, M.C., Codon, A.C. (2004). Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. Int. J. Microbiol. 7: 249–260.
Chatterton, S. &Punja, Z.K (2009).Chitinase and b-1,3-glucanase enzyme production by the mycoparasite Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata against fungal plant pathogens. Can. J . Microbiol.55: 356–367.
Chatterton, S., Jayaraman, J. &Punja, Z.K( 2008). Colonization of cucumber plants by the biocontrol fungus Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata. Biological Control, 46(2):267–278.
Claydon, N., Allen,M.,Hanson,J.RandAvent,A.G (1987). Antifungal alkyl pyrones of Trichoderma harzianum. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 88: 503-513.
Cota, L. V., Maffia, L.A., Mizubuti, E.S.J., Mazedo, P.E.F. &Antunes, R.F., (2008).Biological control of strawberry gray mold by Clonostachys rosea under field conditions. Biological Control, 46(3): 515–522.
Dennis, C. and Webster, J.(1971).Antagonistic properties of species groups of Trichoderma. I. Production of non-volatile antibiotics. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 57: 25-39.
Doi, S and Mori, M.(1994).Antifungal properties of metabolites produced by Trichoderma isolates from sawdust media of edible fungi against wood decay fungi . Material and Organismen. 28: 143-151.
Gajera, H.P., Bambharolia, R.P., Patel, S.V., Khatrani, T.J., Goalkiya, B.A (2012). Antagonism of Trichoderma spp. against Macrophomina phaseolina: Evaluation of coiling and cell wall degrading enzymatic activities. J Plant Pathol .Microb. 3(7): 3-7.
Geraldine, A.M., Cardoso Lopez, F.A., Costa Carvahlo, D.D., barbosa, E.T., Rodrigues, A.R., Brandão, R.S., Ulhoa, C.J. & Lobo Junior, M. (2013). Cell wall-degrading enzymes and parasitism of sclerotia are key factors on field biocontrol of white mold by Trichoderma spp. Biological Control, 67(3):308–316.
Haleem. R.A., Abdullah,S.K.and Jubrael, J.M.S.(2011). Morphological and molecular identification of Phaeoacremonium aleophilum associated with grapevine decline in Duhok governorate, Iraq. J.Basrah Res.(Science) 37: 1-8.
Haleem. R.A., Abdullah, S.K.and Jubrael, J.M.S.(2012).Identification and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeria parva associated with grapevine decline in Kurdistan Region .Iraq .Acta Agrobotanica 65:71-78.
Haleem R.A., Abdullah, S. K., Jubrael, J. M.S. (2013a). Occurrence and distribution of fungi associated with grapevine decline in Kurdistan region-Iraq. Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 2013, 4(3): 336-348.
Haleem. R.A., Abdullah, S.K and Jubrael, J.M.S.(2013b) . Pathogenicity of Phaeoacremonium aleophilum associated with grapevine decline in Kurdistan region-Iraq. J. Univ. Zakho.1 (2):612-619.
Halleen, F,P.,Fourie,H and Crous,P. W. (2006). A review of black foot disease of grapevine. Phytopathol.Mediterr. 45: 55–67.
Harman, G.E., Howell, C.R.,Viterbo, A., Chet, I., Lorito, M (2004) Trichoderma species- opportunistic, virulent plant symbionts. Nat.Rev.Microbiol 2: 43-56.
Howell , C.R (2003) Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant diseases: the history and evolution of current concepts. Plant Dis. 87: 4–10.
Jensen, D.F., Knudsen, I.M.B., Lübeck, M., Mamarabadi, M., Hockenhull, J. and Jensen, B (2007). Development of a biocontrol agent for plant disease control with special emphasis on the near commercial fungal antagonist Clonostachys rosea strain “IK726.” Australasian Plant Pathology, 36:95– 101.
Jinantara, J. (1995). Evaluation of Malaysian isolates of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and Glicocladium virens Miller, Gidens and Foster for the biological control of Sclerotium foot rot of chili. Ph. D. Thesis. University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
Jouan, B., Lemaire, J.M., Arnoux, J. (1964). Élémentsd’appréciation des intéractions entre champignons cultivés in vitro, Phytiatrie-Phytopharmacie 13: 185-195.
Kubicek, C.P., Mach, R.L., Peterbauer,C.K., Lorito,M (2001) Trichoderma: from genes to biocontrol. J Plant Pathol. 83: 11–24.
Lahlali, R. & Peng, G. (2013). Suppression of clubroot by Clonostachy srosea via antibiosis and induced host resistance. Plant Pathology, 63(2): 447–455.
Lunque,J.,Martas,S.,Aroca,A.,Raposo,R and Garcia Figueras, F. (2009). Symptoms and fungi associated with declining mature grapevine plants in Northeast Spain. J.Plant Pathol.91:381-390.
Maher,L.,Yusuf,U.K.,Ismail,A and Hossain,K.(2014). Trichoderma spp.: a Biocontrol agent for sustainable management of plant diseases. Pak.J.Bot.46:1489-1493
Martin,M.T and Cobos,R.(2007).Identification of fungi associated with grapevine decline in Castilla y Leon (Spain). Phytopathol.Medditerr. 46:18-25.
Moller, K., Jensen, B., Paludan Andersen, H., Stryhn, H. &Hockenhull, J (2003). Biocontrol of Pythium tracheiphilum in chinese cabbage by Clonostachys rosea under field conditions. Biocont. Sci. and Technol. 13(2):171–182.
Nobre, S. A. M., Maffia, L.A., Mizubuti, E.S.G., Cota, V. & Dias, A.P.S., (2005). Selection of Clonostachys rosea isolates from Brazilian ecosystems effective in controlling Botrytis cinerea. Biological Control, 34(2):132–143.
Ordentlich, A., Wiesman,Z., Gottlieb,H.E.,Cojocaru,M and Chet,I.( 1992). Inhibitory furanone produced by the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum. Phytochem., 31: 485-486.
Papavizas, G.C. (1982). Survival of Trichoderma harzianum in soil and in pea and bean rhizospheres. Phytopathology, 72: 121-125.
Papavizas, G. (1985). Trichoderma and Gliocladium: biology, ecology, and potential for biological control. Ann.Rev. Phytopathol. 23:23-54.
Pisi, A., Cesari, A. &Zakrisson, E (2006). SEM investigation about hyphal relationships between some antagonistic fungi against Fusarium spp. foot rot pathogen of wheat. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 40:37–44.
Ramezani, H (2001). Biological control of root-rot of eggplant caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. Am. Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci. 4: 218-220.
Roberti, R., Veronesi, AR., Cesari, A., Cascone, A., Di Berardina, I., Bertini, L and Caruso, C (2008). Induction of PR proteins and resistance by the biocontrol agent Clonostachys rosea in wheat plants infected with Fusarium culmorum. Plant Science, 175(3):339–347.
Rodríguez, M. A., Cabrera, G., Gozzo, F.C., Eberlin, M.N and Godeas, A., (2011).Clonostachys rosea BAFC3874 as a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum antagonist: mechanisms involved and potential as a biocontrol agent. J. Appl.Microbiol. 110(5):1177–1186.
Savocchia,S.,Steel,C.C.,Stodart,B.J and Somers,A.(2007). Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeria species isolated from declining grapevine in subtropical regions of Eastern Australia. Vitis 46:27-32
Schirmbock,M., Lorito, M., Wang, Y.L, Hayes, C.K., Arisan-Atac,I (1994) Parallel formation and synergism of hydrolytic enzymes and peptaibol antibiotics, molecular mechanisms involved in the antagonistic action of Trichoderma harzianum against phytopathogenic fungi. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 4364-4370.
Steindorff, A.S., Ramada, M.H.S., Coelho, A.S.G., Miller, R.N.G., Júnior, G.J.P., Ulhoa, J.C and Noronha, E.F.( 2014).Identification of mycoparasitism-related genes against the phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum through transcriptome and expression profile analysis in Trichoderma harzianum.BMC Genomics, 15(1):204.
Sutton, J., Li, D.W. ,Peng, G., Yu, H., Zhang, P and Valdebenito-Sanhueza,R.(1997). Gliocladium roseum, a versatile adversary of Botrytis cinerea in crops. Plant Dis. 81:316-328.
Sutton, J.C., Liu, W., Huang, R. & Owen-Going, N. (2002). Ability of Clonostachys rosea to establish and suppress sporulation potential of Botrytis cinerea in deleafed stems of hydroponic greenhouse tomatoes. Biocont. Sci. and Technol. 12(4):413–425.
Vinale, F., K. Sivasithamparam, E. Ghisalberti, R. Marra, S. Woo, and M. Lorito. (2008). Trichoderma-plant-pathogen interactions. Soil Biol. and Biochem. 40:1-10.
Viterbo, A., Ramot, O., Chemin, L., Chet, I (2002) Significance of lytic enzymes from Trichoderma spp in the biocontrol of fungal plant pathogens. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 81: 549-556.
Xue, A.G.( 2003). Biological control of pathogens causing root rot complex in field pea using Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941. Phytopathology, 93(3):329–335.
Anita, S., Ponmurugan,P and Ganesh Babu, R (2012). Significance of secondary metabolites and enzymes secreted by Trichoderma atroviride isolates for the biological control of phomopsis canker disease. African J.Biotechnol.11(45): 10350-10357.
Bell D.K., Wells H.D. and Markham C.R (1982).In vitro antagonism of Trichoderma species against six fungal plant pathogens. Phytopathology .72:379-382.
Benitez, T, Rincon, A.M., Limon, M.C., Codon, A.C. (2004). Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. Int. J. Microbiol. 7: 249–260.
Chatterton, S. &Punja, Z.K (2009).Chitinase and b-1,3-glucanase enzyme production by the mycoparasite Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata against fungal plant pathogens. Can. J . Microbiol.55: 356–367.
Chatterton, S., Jayaraman, J. &Punja, Z.K( 2008). Colonization of cucumber plants by the biocontrol fungus Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata. Biological Control, 46(2):267–278.
Claydon, N., Allen,M.,Hanson,J.RandAvent,A.G (1987). Antifungal alkyl pyrones of Trichoderma harzianum. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 88: 503-513.
Cota, L. V., Maffia, L.A., Mizubuti, E.S.J., Mazedo, P.E.F. &Antunes, R.F., (2008).Biological control of strawberry gray mold by Clonostachys rosea under field conditions. Biological Control, 46(3): 515–522.
Dennis, C. and Webster, J.(1971).Antagonistic properties of species groups of Trichoderma. I. Production of non-volatile antibiotics. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 57: 25-39.
Doi, S and Mori, M.(1994).Antifungal properties of metabolites produced by Trichoderma isolates from sawdust media of edible fungi against wood decay fungi . Material and Organismen. 28: 143-151.
Gajera, H.P., Bambharolia, R.P., Patel, S.V., Khatrani, T.J., Goalkiya, B.A (2012). Antagonism of Trichoderma spp. against Macrophomina phaseolina: Evaluation of coiling and cell wall degrading enzymatic activities. J Plant Pathol .Microb. 3(7): 3-7.
Geraldine, A.M., Cardoso Lopez, F.A., Costa Carvahlo, D.D., barbosa, E.T., Rodrigues, A.R., Brandão, R.S., Ulhoa, C.J. & Lobo Junior, M. (2013). Cell wall-degrading enzymes and parasitism of sclerotia are key factors on field biocontrol of white mold by Trichoderma spp. Biological Control, 67(3):308–316.
Haleem. R.A., Abdullah,S.K.and Jubrael, J.M.S.(2011). Morphological and molecular identification of Phaeoacremonium aleophilum associated with grapevine decline in Duhok governorate, Iraq. J.Basrah Res.(Science) 37: 1-8.
Haleem. R.A., Abdullah, S.K.and Jubrael, J.M.S.(2012).Identification and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeria parva associated with grapevine decline in Kurdistan Region .Iraq .Acta Agrobotanica 65:71-78.
Haleem R.A., Abdullah, S. K., Jubrael, J. M.S. (2013a). Occurrence and distribution of fungi associated with grapevine decline in Kurdistan region-Iraq. Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 2013, 4(3): 336-348.
Haleem. R.A., Abdullah, S.K and Jubrael, J.M.S.(2013b) . Pathogenicity of Phaeoacremonium aleophilum associated with grapevine decline in Kurdistan region-Iraq. J. Univ. Zakho.1 (2):612-619.
Halleen, F,P.,Fourie,H and Crous,P. W. (2006). A review of black foot disease of grapevine. Phytopathol.Mediterr. 45: 55–67.
Harman, G.E., Howell, C.R.,Viterbo, A., Chet, I., Lorito, M (2004) Trichoderma species- opportunistic, virulent plant symbionts. Nat.Rev.Microbiol 2: 43-56.
Howell , C.R (2003) Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant diseases: the history and evolution of current concepts. Plant Dis. 87: 4–10.
Jensen, D.F., Knudsen, I.M.B., Lübeck, M., Mamarabadi, M., Hockenhull, J. and Jensen, B (2007). Development of a biocontrol agent for plant disease control with special emphasis on the near commercial fungal antagonist Clonostachys rosea strain “IK726.” Australasian Plant Pathology, 36:95– 101.
Jinantara, J. (1995). Evaluation of Malaysian isolates of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and Glicocladium virens Miller, Gidens and Foster for the biological control of Sclerotium foot rot of chili. Ph. D. Thesis. University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
Jouan, B., Lemaire, J.M., Arnoux, J. (1964). Élémentsd’appréciation des intéractions entre champignons cultivés in vitro, Phytiatrie-Phytopharmacie 13: 185-195.
Kubicek, C.P., Mach, R.L., Peterbauer,C.K., Lorito,M (2001) Trichoderma: from genes to biocontrol. J Plant Pathol. 83: 11–24.
Lahlali, R. & Peng, G. (2013). Suppression of clubroot by Clonostachy srosea via antibiosis and induced host resistance. Plant Pathology, 63(2): 447–455.
Lunque,J.,Martas,S.,Aroca,A.,Raposo,R and Garcia Figueras, F. (2009). Symptoms and fungi associated with declining mature grapevine plants in Northeast Spain. J.Plant Pathol.91:381-390.
Maher,L.,Yusuf,U.K.,Ismail,A and Hossain,K.(2014). Trichoderma spp.: a Biocontrol agent for sustainable management of plant diseases. Pak.J.Bot.46:1489-1493
Martin,M.T and Cobos,R.(2007).Identification of fungi associated with grapevine decline in Castilla y Leon (Spain). Phytopathol.Medditerr. 46:18-25.
Moller, K., Jensen, B., Paludan Andersen, H., Stryhn, H. &Hockenhull, J (2003). Biocontrol of Pythium tracheiphilum in chinese cabbage by Clonostachys rosea under field conditions. Biocont. Sci. and Technol. 13(2):171–182.
Nobre, S. A. M., Maffia, L.A., Mizubuti, E.S.G., Cota, V. & Dias, A.P.S., (2005). Selection of Clonostachys rosea isolates from Brazilian ecosystems effective in controlling Botrytis cinerea. Biological Control, 34(2):132–143.
Ordentlich, A., Wiesman,Z., Gottlieb,H.E.,Cojocaru,M and Chet,I.( 1992). Inhibitory furanone produced by the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum. Phytochem., 31: 485-486.
Papavizas, G.C. (1982). Survival of Trichoderma harzianum in soil and in pea and bean rhizospheres. Phytopathology, 72: 121-125.
Papavizas, G. (1985). Trichoderma and Gliocladium: biology, ecology, and potential for biological control. Ann.Rev. Phytopathol. 23:23-54.
Pisi, A., Cesari, A. &Zakrisson, E (2006). SEM investigation about hyphal relationships between some antagonistic fungi against Fusarium spp. foot rot pathogen of wheat. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 40:37–44.
Ramezani, H (2001). Biological control of root-rot of eggplant caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. Am. Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci. 4: 218-220.
Roberti, R., Veronesi, AR., Cesari, A., Cascone, A., Di Berardina, I., Bertini, L and Caruso, C (2008). Induction of PR proteins and resistance by the biocontrol agent Clonostachys rosea in wheat plants infected with Fusarium culmorum. Plant Science, 175(3):339–347.
Rodríguez, M. A., Cabrera, G., Gozzo, F.C., Eberlin, M.N and Godeas, A., (2011).Clonostachys rosea BAFC3874 as a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum antagonist: mechanisms involved and potential as a biocontrol agent. J. Appl.Microbiol. 110(5):1177–1186.
Savocchia,S.,Steel,C.C.,Stodart,B.J and Somers,A.(2007). Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeria species isolated from declining grapevine in subtropical regions of Eastern Australia. Vitis 46:27-32
Schirmbock,M., Lorito, M., Wang, Y.L, Hayes, C.K., Arisan-Atac,I (1994) Parallel formation and synergism of hydrolytic enzymes and peptaibol antibiotics, molecular mechanisms involved in the antagonistic action of Trichoderma harzianum against phytopathogenic fungi. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 4364-4370.
Steindorff, A.S., Ramada, M.H.S., Coelho, A.S.G., Miller, R.N.G., Júnior, G.J.P., Ulhoa, J.C and Noronha, E.F.( 2014).Identification of mycoparasitism-related genes against the phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum through transcriptome and expression profile analysis in Trichoderma harzianum.BMC Genomics, 15(1):204.
Sutton, J., Li, D.W. ,Peng, G., Yu, H., Zhang, P and Valdebenito-Sanhueza,R.(1997). Gliocladium roseum, a versatile adversary of Botrytis cinerea in crops. Plant Dis. 81:316-328.
Sutton, J.C., Liu, W., Huang, R. & Owen-Going, N. (2002). Ability of Clonostachys rosea to establish and suppress sporulation potential of Botrytis cinerea in deleafed stems of hydroponic greenhouse tomatoes. Biocont. Sci. and Technol. 12(4):413–425.
Vinale, F., K. Sivasithamparam, E. Ghisalberti, R. Marra, S. Woo, and M. Lorito. (2008). Trichoderma-plant-pathogen interactions. Soil Biol. and Biochem. 40:1-10.
Viterbo, A., Ramot, O., Chemin, L., Chet, I (2002) Significance of lytic enzymes from Trichoderma spp in the biocontrol of fungal plant pathogens. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 81: 549-556.
Xue, A.G.( 2003). Biological control of pathogens causing root rot complex in field pea using Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941. Phytopathology, 93(3):329–335.
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2016-12-30
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Haleem, R. A., Saedo, K. A., & Abdullah, S. K. (2016). Antagonism of Trichoderma harzianum and Clonostachys rosea against fungi associated with grapevine decline in Kurdistan region - Iraq. Science Journal of University of Zakho, 4(2), 166–172. Retrieved from https://sjuoz.uoz.edu.krd/index.php/sjuoz/article/view/412
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